应用于海洋时间序列沉积物捕获器控制系统方法研究

提出了一种海洋沉积物捕获器控制系统的软/硬件设计方案。该方案采用低功耗的硬件结构,多种冗余技术的软件设计, 满足了沉积物捕获器在海底可长达1 a 的低功耗、自动定时采集沉积物样品的要求。经过实验, 该控制系统运行可靠, 采样瓶切换控制准确, 运行数据记录完整, 具有广阔的应用前景。     

春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究

2000年6月至2002年6月春夏季期间,在南黄海春夏季南黄海西部沿岸低盐水入侵温跃层现象的研究鱼产卵场进行了4个航次的多学科调查,海洋水文观测分析结果表明:在苏北浅滩外侧、成山头—石岛外侧的层化海区的温跃层中存在低盐水现象.春夏增温季节温跃层加强,低盐水入侵现象逐渐增强;入侵强度也存在年际变化.苏北浅滩入侵低盐水舌向北偏东方向延伸,水舌较宽,入侵较远;石岛附近入侵低盐水舌向南偏西方向延伸,水舌较窄,入侵较弱.温跃层中低盐水是由于沿岸低盐水入侵造成的,并与当地的潮锋现象存在密切的关系.     

低盐胁迫对大黄鱼非特异性免疫酶活力的影响

以大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）为研究对象,研究急性、慢性低盐度胁迫对大黄鱼存活状况及非特异性免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明：急性低盐（15、8）胁迫下,在7 d的实验周期中,大黄鱼肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,在第1天显著上升（p<0.05）后逐渐下降至显著低于对照组水平;肝脏的过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活力整体呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,在第1天显著下降后开始升高,第3天后开始下降,至第7天时CAT活力仍显著低于对照组水平;血清中的酸性磷酸酶（acid phosphatase, ACP）活力呈下降后逐渐升高的趋势,在第1 天时显著下降后逐步升高,至第7天时仍显著低于对照组;而血清中的碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase, ALP）活力在实验开始的第1天到第3天逐渐升高,且均显著高于对照组,至第7天时开始下降至对照组水平;血清中的溶菌酶（lysozyme, LZM）含量呈波动变化,整体呈先上升后下降趋势。慢性低盐（8）养殖14 d后,大黄鱼的各项非特异性免疫酶活力均与对照组无显著性差异（p>0.05）。此外,实验周期内所有组别大黄鱼均未出现死亡,仅急性低盐胁迫组大黄鱼的活动和摄食受到有限影响。大黄鱼对慢性降盐度养殖有较高的耐受能力,而盐度骤降会显著影响大黄鱼的非特异性免疫,实际生产中应避免养殖环境盐度的剧烈变化。     

2016下半年安达曼海潮、余流观测分析

The characteristics of currents and tidal currents in the Andaman Sea(AS) are studied during the second half of2016 using observed data from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) deployed at 8.6°N, 95.6°E.During the observation period, the mean flow is 5–10 cm/s and largely southward. The root mean square and kinetic energies of the low and high frequency flows, which are divided by a cutoff period of 5 d, are at the same level, indicating their identical importance to the total current. A power spectrum analysis shows that intraseasonal oscillations, a tidal-related semilunar month signal, a semidiurnal tidal signal and periods of 3–4 d are prominent. The barocliny of an eddy kinetic energy is stronger than the mean kinetic energy, both of which are the strongest on the bottom and the weakest at 70 m depth. Residual currents are largely southward(northward) during the summer(winter) monsoon season. Two striking peaks of the southward flow cause the 80 d period of meridional currents. The first peak is part of a large-scale circulation, which enters the AS through the northern channel and exits through the southern channel, and the second peak is part of a local vortex. The 40 d oscillation of the zonal current is forced by geostrophic variations attributed to local and equatorial remote forcing. The tidal current is dominated by semidiurnal constituents, and among these, M2 and N2 are the top two largest major axes. Moreover, astronomical tidal constituents MM and MSF are also significant. Diurnal constituents are weak and shallow water tides are ignorable. The aims are to introduce the new current data observed in the AS and to provide initial insights for the tidal and residual currents in the Andaman Sea.     

南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*

国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。     

沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布

在沉积盆地油气勘探过程中,异常压力与油气聚集的关系愈显密切,而异常压力不仅仅是指异常高压,国内外在发现许多异常高压油气藏的同时,也发现了相当数量的异常低压油气藏,而且异常低压在世界许多盆地中均有分布。因此,深入研究异常低压的形成机理及与油气分布的关系,同样重要和不容忽视。本文介绍了异常低压的概念、特征和分类,详细分析了异常低压的形成机制：地层剥蚀卸载后的弹性回返(反弹)作用、流体的供排不平衡、轻烃的扩散作用、断裂和不整合面的压力释放作用、渗透作用和温度变化等;最后论述了异常低压与油气分布的关系。     

LMWOA (low molecular weight organic acid) exudation by salt marsh plants: Natural variation and response to Cu contamination

This work aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the capability of roots of two salt marsh plants to release low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and to ascertain whether Cu contamination would stimulate or not organic acids exudation. The sea rush Juncus maritimus and the sea-club rush Scirpus maritimus, both from the lower Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were used. Plants were collected seasonally, four times a year in 2004, during low tide. After sampling, plant roots were washed for removal of adherent particles and immersed for 2 h in a solution that matched salinity (3) and pH (7.5) of the pore water from the same location to obtain plant exudates. In one of the seasons, similar experiments were carried out but spiking the solution with different amounts of Cu in order to embrace the range between 0 and 1600 nM. In the final solutions as well as in sediment pore water LMWOAs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Plants were able to release, in a short period of time, relatively high amounts of LMWOAs (oxalate, citrate, malate, malonate, and succinate). In the sediment pore water oxalate, succinate and acetate were also detected. Therefore, plant roots probably contributed to the presence of some of these organic compounds in pore water. Exudation differed between the plant species and also showed some seasonally variation, particularly for S. maritimus. The release of oxalate by J. maritimus increased with Cu increase in the media. However, exudation of the other LMWOAs did not seem to be stimulated by Cu contamination in the media. This fact is compatible with the existence of alternative internal mechanisms for Cu detoxification, as denoted by the fact that in media contaminated with Cu both plant species accumulated relatively high amounts (29–83%) of the initially dissolved Cu. This study expands our knowledge on the contribution of globally dominant salt marsh plants to the release of LMWOAs into the environment.     

Study of A Geo-Acoustic Model of Gas-Bearing Sediment and Its Application in Sediment with Low Acoustic Velocity

A new geo-acoustic model for gas-bearing sediment is proposed based on the work of Dvorkin and Prasad, and Biot theory. Only five geophysical parameters: sediment mineral composition, free gas saturation, tortuosity (also known as the structure factor), permeability, and porosity, are considered in the model. A benefit of this model is that we need only five parameters instead of ten parameters in the Biot’s formulas for acoustic velocity and attenuation calculation. Here the model is demonstrated with the in-situ experimental data collected from the Hangzhou Bay, China. The results of this study suggest that free gas content in sediment is the most critical condition resulting in a low acoustic velocity (compressional wave). The respective contributions of the other four parameters in the model are also discussed.     

基于卫星观测的两例青藏高原低涡结构的初步分析

应用风云2C卫星云图和配有云顶亮温的MTSAT卫星红外云图,描述了两例青藏高原低涡形成、发展及消亡过程,云图清晰显示了高原低涡具有涡眼和暖心结构的特征,并利用水汽图分析揭示了缺乏水汽供应是导致这类低涡不能进一步发展并移出高原的重要原因.最后用1°×1°NCEP分析资料对高原低涡形成眼结构时的基本物理场进行了诊断计算.结果表明:低涡整体为上升气流,而涡眼区在近地层为下沉气流,上层为相对涡区较弱的上升气流;低层辐合,高层辐散.进而印证了动力学研究工作得出的高原低涡具有与热带气旋类低涡(TCLV, tropical cyclone-like vortices)类似的涡眼和暖心结构特征的结论.     

低渗透储层的微观特征对其宏观性质的影响规律——以榆树林油田扶杨油层为例

利用岩心物性分析、压汞曲线和镜下分析等资料,研究榆树林油田东16区块扶杨油层的宏、微观特征及二者关系.结果表明:研究区扶杨油层岩性为岩屑长石砂岩,普遍具有碎裂特征,主要孔隙成因类型包括微裂缝、粒间孔、粒内孔和晶间孔,微裂缝对孔隙度的贡献不大,但对渗透率的影响不容忽视.孔隙度主要受孔喉发育程度影响,孔喉半径越大,孔隙度越高.渗透率受反映连通程度的特征结构参数影响较大,二者呈正相关关系,且孔隙度越大,特征结构系数对渗透率的影响越大.退汞效率受特征结构参数影响较大,储层为中孔时,退汞效率随特征结构参数的增大而增大;储层为低孔或特低孔时,退汞效率随特征结构参数的增大而减小.该研究结果对改造低渗储层、提高采收率具有指导意义.