Perceptions of Local People toward Wild Edible Plant Gathering and Consumption: Insights from the Q-method in Hani Terraces

Wild edible plants (WEPs) can provide a variety of provisioning services and cultural services but they are currently under-utilized. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of the collection and consumption of wild edible plant resources is essential for promoting local socio-ecological system resilience and local wild plant resource use. This paper uses the Q-method to investigate the main perspectives of farmers toward collecting and consuming wild edible plants in the Honghe Hani Terraces region of Yunnan Province. This analysis identified four main perspective types among the farmers, including market-driven, household user-driven, cultural service seekers, and tradition followers. It revealed the main factors that limit and facilitate farmers’ WEP collection and consumption, including limitations due to loss of traditional knowledge, and changes in socioeconomic conditions that negatively affect WEP collection and consumption; while, on the other hand, the demand for WEP-related cultural services and the presence of a strong culture slowed down changes in dietary structure, which in turn have maintained WEP collection and consumption. The Q-method can help in identifying the relationship between community residents and local wild plant resource use in rapidly transitioning areas and in identifying the barriers that affect the resilience of local socio-ecological systems.     

陇东黄土高原气象干旱特征分析及其对农业的影响

为了深入了解陇东黄土高原气象干旱时空分布特征,以提高干旱灾害的监测、预报、预警及防治能力,减少经济损失,利用庆阳市8个县(区)30a(1989~2018年)降水资料,计算了各县(区)月、季、年降水距平百分率,按降水距平百分率干旱指标选取干旱事件,从月、季、年不同时间尺度统计分析了陇东黄土高原气象干旱时空特征,并对该地区2011~2018年的灾情进行了分析。结果表明：30a来气象干旱发生的频次存在自西北向东南逐渐减少的特点。气象干旱发生的月频次呈波动状,其中12月最多,7月份最少；气象干旱主要发生在春季,以轻旱为主,中旱次之,重旱及特旱发生概率较小。从19世纪90年代到现在气象干旱事件发生的年频次逐渐减少,其造成的农作物成灾面积有逐年减少的趋势,这是因为我国提出了建设社会主义生态文明的思想,人们保护环境的意识增强,合理的利用了空间水资源,调整产业结构,种植防旱植被,加强水利工程建设,改善生态环境所致。     

ERA-interim气温、地温再分析数据在青海东部农业区的适用性评估

利用1999—2018年逐月ERA-interim再分析数据，选取青海省东部农业区的15个气象站点平均气温和土壤温度，采用误差和相关性分析，对比两种资料时间和站点空间变化规律，并对ERA-interim再分析资料的准确性进行验证评估。结果表明：ERA-interim再分析数据平均气温、5和15 cm土壤温度均低于观测值，分别偏低3.5、4.3和4.5℃；观测值与订正前后的再分析资料月际和季节变化基本一致，空间变化均表现出从东南部向西北部减小的趋势，而且最大值和最小值出现的站点完全一致。近20年来，观测值与再分析资料平均气温均呈现上升趋势，5和15 cm土壤温度观测值表现为升高趋势，而再分析数据呈减小趋势。与订正前相比，订正后的再分析资料与观测值的平均偏差和均方根误差明显减小，同时平均偏差和均方根误差年际变化均呈先增大后减小的趋势。年内平均偏差和均方根误差均呈现“M”型，最大值均出现在4月，最小值出现在12或1月。东部农业区地形复杂、海拔高度差异是再分析资料比观测值偏低的主要原因，利用回归方程实现平均气温和土壤温度再分析数据的订正，有效降低了ERA-interim再分析数据的偏差，提高再...