山东省泰安市大汶口盆地石膏矿资源潜力评价矿产品需求预测及开发建议

汶口盆地石膏、岩盐资源量巨大,已探明石膏资源量约为1.5×10~8t,推断矿产量约450×10~8t。随着国民经济的高速发展,石膏矿产品的消费量会有大幅度增加。预测2010年山东省对探明的石膏矿产需求量约为2.5×10~8t,而截止2000年山东省可采储量约为1.5×10~8t,两者相差10~8t,其勘查工作亟待加强。     

‘Initial’ Soil Moisture Effects on the Climate in China——A Regional Climate Model Study

In this study,the effects of ‘initial’ soil moisture(SM) in arid and semi-arid Northwestern China on subsequent climate were investigated with a regional climate model. Besides the control simulations(denoted as CTL),a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted,including the DRY and WET experiments,in which the simulated ‘initial’ SM over the region 30 –50°N,75 –105°E was only 5% and 50%,and up to 150% and 200% of the simulated value in the CTL,respectively. The results show that SM change can modify ...     

生物灭绝与人类存亡

近代由于气候的变暖,工业化进程的加快,人口的激增,森林的过度砍伐,草场的超载过牧,化学制品的滥用,环境的污染,生态环境遭到了严重破坏,生物物种灭绝速度较单纯自然状态下的速度要快1000倍。生物物种灭绝对人类生产、生活,甚至对人类生存都构成巨大的威胁。因此,应对气候变化,保护生物多样性,防止物种灭绝,已成为全球性的紧迫任务;中国是世界生物物种资源最丰富的国家之一。中国生物多样性形势总体严峻。中国政府高度重视生物多样性保护工作,先后颁布一系列法律法规,已收到巨大成效;保护生物多样性确保世界粮食安全,是全球人民的普遍愿望。生物灭绝关系人类存亡。人类要秉承天人合一的理念,与大自然和谐相处。     

基于GIS矿产勘查靶区优选技术

靶区优选是矿产勘查中的一个关键环节, 它既是矿产资源预测成果的直接体现形式, 同时又是联系矿产资源预测与勘查工作部署的桥梁.然而, 由于人们认识上的不完备性和缺乏相应的技术手段支撑, 使得靶区优选常被忽视或简化.探讨了靶区优选的地质基础原则, 建立了靶区优选的技术流程, 研发了基于GIS支持下靶区优选计算机辅助决策模块, 并以云南省个旧地区与岩浆活动有关的锡铜多金属矿靶区为例进行了示范研究.结果表明靶区优选技术及相应的软件能够客观地反映不同靶区的特征, 提高靶区优选的智能化程度和工作效率.      

Southern high latitude climate anomalies associated with the Indian Ocean dipole mode

1 INTRODUCTION In southern high latitudes, recent observations have shown a standing mode of ACW (Antarctic Circumpolar Wave) with eastward propagation across the Southern Ocean of the Antarctic in co- varying SST (sea surface temperature) and SLP (sea le…     

网络资源与大学英语教学

网络技术正日新月异地影响着中国大学英语的教学活动.为了成功地实现教学目的,达到教学要求,网络参与英语教学不应该是无序、散乱和盲目的.现尝试性地提出大学英语教学过程中在运用网络资源时应当注意和考虑的辅助性、整合性和启发性这三项基本原则.     

Climate sensitivity to changes in land surface characteristics

Using a recently developed global vegetation distribution, topography, and shorelines for the Early Eocene in conjunction with the Genesis version 2.0 climate model, we investigate the influences that these new boundary conditions have on global climate. Global mean climate changes little in response to the subtle changes we made; differences in mean annual and seasonal surface temperatures over northern and southern hemispheric land, respectively, are on the order of 0.5°C. In contrast, and perhaps more importantly, continental scale climate exhibits significant responses. Increased peak elevations and topographic detail result in larger amplitude planetary 4 mm/day and decreases by 7–9 mm/day in the proto Himalayan region. Surface temperatures change by up to 18°C as a direct result of elevation modifications. Increased leaf area index (LAI), as a result of altered vegetation distributions, reduces temperatures by up to 6°C. Decreasing the size of the Mississippi embayment decreases inland precipitation by 1–2 mm/day. These climate responses to increased accuracy in boundary conditions indicate that “improved” boundary conditions may play an important role in producing modeled paleoclimates that approach the proxy data more closely.     

Mars reconnaissance lander: Vehicle and mission design

There is enormous potential for more mobile planetary surface science. This is especially true in the case of Mars because the ability to cross challenge terrain, access areas of higher elevation, visit diverse geological features and perform long traverses of up to 200 km supports the search for past water and life. Vehicles capable of a ballistic ‘hop’ have been proposed on several occasions, but those proposals using in-situ acquired propellants are the most promising for significant planetary exploration. This paper considers a mission concept termed Mars Reconnaissance Lander using such a vehicle. We describe an approach where planetary science requirements that cannot be met by a conventional rover are used to derive vehicle and mission requirements.The performance of the hopper vehicle was assessed by adding estimates of gravity losses and mission mass constraints to recently developed methods. A baseline vehicle with a scientific payload of 16.5 kg and conservatively estimated sub-system masses is predicted to achieve a flight range of 0.97 km. Using a simple consideration of system reliability, the required cumulative range of 200 km could be achieved with a probability of around 80%. Such a range is sufficient to explore geologically diverse terrains. We therefore plot an illustrative traverse in Hypanis Valles/Xanthe Terra, which encounters crater wall sections, periglacial terrain, aqueous sedimentary deposits and a traverse up an ancient fluvial channel. Such a diversity of sites could not be considered with a conventional rover. The Mars Reconnaissance Lander mission and vehicle presents some very significant engineering challenges, but would represent a valuable complement to rovers, static landers and orbital observations.     

Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation quantities of Mars

As the obliquity of Mars is strongly chaotic, it is not possible to give a solution for its evolution over more than a few million years. Using the most recent data for the rotational state of Mars, and a new numerical integration of the Solar System, we provide here a precise solution for the evolution of Mars' spin over 10 to 20 Myr. Over 250 Myr, we present a statistical study of its possible evolution, when considering the uncertainties in the present rotational state. Over much longer time span, reaching 5 Gyr, chaotic diffusion prevails, and we have performed an extensive statistical analysis of the orbital and rotational evolution of Mars, relying on Laskar's secular solution of the Solar System, based on more than 600 orbital and 200,000 obliquity solutions over 5 Gyr. The density functions of the eccentricity and obliquity are specified with simple analytical formulas. We found an averaged eccentricity of Mars over 5 Gyr of 0.0690 with standard deviation 0.0299, while the averaged value of the obliquity is 37.62° with a standard deviation of 13.82°, and a maximal value of 82.035°. We find that the probability for Mars' obliquity to have reached more than 60° in the past 1 Gyr is 63.0%, and 89.3% in 3 Gyr. Over 4 Gyr, the position of Mars' axis is given by a uniform distribution on a spherical cap limited by the obliquity 58.62°, with the addition of a random noise allowing a slow diffusion beyond this limit. We can also define a standard model of Mars' insolation parameters over 4 Gyr with the most probable values 0.068 for the eccentricity and 41.80° for the obliquity.     

倡导生态矿业,促进矿业可持续发展

展望 2 1世纪中国矿业的发展 ,认为大力倡导和发展生态矿业 ,走资源开发与环境保护相协调的矿业可持续发展之路 ,是实施可持续发展战略的必然要求。本文对生态矿业进行了探讨 ,同时提出了矿业可持续发展的对策措施