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V. A. Dogiel A. V. Gurevich Ya. N. Istomin K. P. Zybin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,297(1-4):201-211
Acceleration of charged particles by neutral gas turbulence in giant molecular clouds is considered. The gamma-ray emission
from these clouds is estimated. It is shown that molecular clouds can be the counterparts of some of unidentified sources. 相似文献
87.
E. I. Vorobyov Shantanu Basu 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(3):1009-1017
We present a numerical model for the evolution of a protostellar disc that has formed self-consistently from the collapse of a molecular cloud core. The global evolution of the disc is followed for several million years after its formation. The capture of a wide range of spatial and temporal scales is made possible by use of the thin-disc approximation. We focus on the role of gravitational torques in transporting mass inward and angular momentum outward during different evolutionary phases of a protostellar disc with disc-to-star mass ratio of order 0.1. In the early phase, when the infall of matter from the surrounding envelope is substantial, mass is transported inward by the gravitational torques from spiral arms that are a manifestation of the envelope-induced gravitational instability in the disc. In the late phase, when the gas reservoir of the envelope is depleted, the distinct spiral structure is replaced by ongoing irregular non-axisymmetric density perturbations. The amplitude of these density perturbations decreases with time, though this process is moderated by swing amplification aided by the existence of the disc's sharp outer edge. Our global modelling of the protostellar disc reveals that there is typically a residual non-zero gravitational torque from these density perturbations, i.e. their effects do not exactly cancel out in each region. In particular, the net gravitational torque in the inner disc tends to be negative during first several million years of the evolution, while the outer disc has a net positive gravitational torque. Our global model of a self-consistently formed disc shows that it is also self-regulated in the late phase, so that it is near the Toomre stability limit, with a near-uniform Toomre parameter Q ≈ 1.5–2.0. Since the disc also has near-Keplerian rotation, and comparatively weak temperature variation, it maintains a near-power-law surface density profile proportional to r −3/2 . 相似文献
88.
Bringfried Stecklum Helmut Meusinger Dirk Froebrich 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,311(1-3):63-67
Herbig-Haro objects (HHOs) are caused by outflows from young objects. Since the outflow relies on mass accretion from a circumstellar
disk, it indicates ongoing growth. Recent results of infrared observations yielded evidence for disks around brown dwarfs.
This suggests that at least a certain fraction of brown dwarfs forms like stars. Thus, young sub-stellar objects might cause
HHOs as well. We present selected results of a general survey for HHOs based on DSS-II plates and CCD images taken with the
Tautenburg Schmidt telescope. Numerous young objects could be identified due to their association with newly detected HHOs.
In some cases the luminosity is consistent with very low-mass stars or close to sub-stellar values. This holds for L1415-IRS
and a few infrared sources embedded in other dark clouds (e.g., GF9, BHR111). The question on the minimum mass for outflow
activity is addressed. 相似文献
89.
Rekhesh Mohan K. S. Dwarakanath G. Srinivasan Jayaram N. Chengalur 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2001,22(1):35-50
Nearby interstellar clouds with high (|ν|≥10km s−1) random velocities although easily detected in NaI and CaII lines have hitherto not been detected (in emission or absorption)
in the HI 21cm line. We describe here deep Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI absorption observations toward radio
sources with small angular separation from bright O and B stars whose spectra reveal the presence of intervening high random
velocity CaII absorbing clouds. In 5 out of the 14 directions searched we detect HI 21cm absorption features from these clouds.
The mean optical depth of these detections is ∼0.09 and FWHM is ∼10km s−1, consistent with absorption arising from CNM clouds. 相似文献
90.
R. G.Smith † R. D.Blum † D. E.Quinn K.Sellgren D. C. B.Whittet † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,330(4):837-843
To better understand the conditions under which ice mantles form on grains in molecular clouds, three globules in the Southern Coalsack have been searched for the presence of H2 O ice. Given the total lack of star formation in the Coalsack, it is an ideal site for studying unprocessed icy molecular mantles. In our sample of eight field stars lying behind the Coalsack we detect strong H2 O ice absorption in the lines of sight to two stars and possible weak absorption in four others. We estimate H2 O ice column densities or upper limits for these lines of sight. Compared to dark clouds such as Taurus, the Coalsack H2 O ice column densities are lower than expected given the quiescent nature of the Coalsack region. It is possible that the chemical evolution of the Coalsack may simply be at too early a stage for significant ice mantles to appear on the grains, except perhaps in the densest parts of some of the globules. Alternatively, the presence or absence of ice absorption may be related to the distribution of dust along each line of sight, specifically, the relative contributions of dense globules and a more extended diffuse component. For example, our observations are consistent with an ice threshold extinction similar to that observed in the Taurus dark cloud if extinction amounting to A V ∼5 towards Globules 2 and 3 arises in the extended component. Globule 1 appears to have no extended component. 相似文献