Vegetation,climate, and fire during the late-glacial–Holocene transition at Spruce Pond,Hudson Highlands,southeastern New York,USA

Pollen, plant macrofossil, and charcoal records from Spruce Pond (41°14′22″N, 74°12′15″W), southeastern New York, USA dated by AMS provide details about late-glacial–early Holocene vegetation development in the Hudson Highlands from >12410 to 9750 ¹⁴C yr BP. Prior to 12410 yr BP, vegetation was apparently open, dominated by herbs and shrubs (Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Tubuliflorae, Salix, Alnus, Betula), possibly with scattered trees (Picea and Pinus). However, Picea macrofossils are not found until 12410 yr BP. Development of a temperature deciduous–boreal-coniferous forest featuring Quercus, Fraxinus, Ostrya/Carpinus, Pinus, Picea, and Abies occurs between 12410 and 11140 yr BP. A return of predominantly boreal forest taxa between 11140 and 10230 yr BP is interpreted as an expression of the Younger Dryas cooling event. Holocene warming at 10230 yr BP is signalled by arrival of Pinus strobus, coincident with expansion of Quercus-dominated forest. Fire activity, as inferred from charcoal influx, appears to have increased as woodland developed after 12410 yr BP. Two charcoal influx peaks occur during Younger Dryas time. Early Holocene fire activity was relatively high but decreased for approximately 100 yr prior to the establishment of Tsuga canadensis in the forest at 9750 yr BP. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Accumulation rates of volcaniclastic deposits on Loihi Seamount,Hawaii

AMS radiocarbon age dating of planktonic foraminifera in volcaniclastic deposits on Loihi Seamount yields ages ranging from 590 years before present (y BP) at 10 cm depth to 5,880 y BP at 1,007 cm depth in an 11-m-thick section exposed along inward facing, caldera-bounding faults on the eastern side of Loihi’s summit. The accumulation rate of the deposit was about 0.37 cm/y from 5,880 to 3,300 y BP and it consisted of subequal amounts of alkalic and tholeiitic fragments. The rate slowed dramatically at about 3,300 y BP to an average 0.04 cm/y and the particles that have accumulated since consist mostly of alkalic glass fragments. The decrease in accumulation rate could indicate a decrease in volcanic activity at Loihi beginning about 3,300 y BP. This lower level of activity appears to be continuing today.     

Paleomagnetism,magnetic fabric,and <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar/<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar dating of Pliocene and Quaternary ignimbrites in the Arequipa area,southern Peru

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages and paleomagnetic correlations using characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRM) show that two main ignimbrite sheets were deposited at 4.86 ± 0.07 Ma (La Joya Ignimbrite: LJI) and at 1.63 ± 0.07 Ma (Arequipa Airport Ignimbrite: AAI) in the Arequipa area, southern Peru. The AAI is a 20–100 m-thick ignimbrite that fills in the Arequipa depression to the west of the city of Arequipa. The AAI is made up of two cooling units: an underlying white unit and an overlying weakly consolidated pink unit. Radiometric data provide the same age for the two units. As both units record exactly the same well-defined paleomagnetic direction (16 sites in the white unit of AAI: Dec = 173.7; Inc = 31.2; α95 = 0.7; k = 2749; and 10 sites in the pink unit of AAI; Dec = 173.6; Inc = 30.3; α95 = 1.2; k = 1634), showing no evidence of secular variation, the time gap between emplacement of the two units is unlikely to exceed a few years. The >50 m thick well-consolidated white underlying unit of the Arequipa airport ignimbrite provides a very specific magnetic zonation with low magnetic susceptibilities, high coercivities and unblocking temperatures of NRM above 580°C indicating a Ti-poor titanohematite signature. The Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is strongly enhanced in this layer with anisotropy values up to 1.25. The fabric delineated by AMS was not recognized neither in the field nor in thin sections, because most of the AAI consists in a massive and isotrope deposit with no visible textural fabric. Pumices deformation due to welding is only observed at the base of the thickest sections. AMS within the AAI ignimbrite show a very well defined pattern of apparent imbrications correlated to the paleotopography, with planes of foliation and lineation dipping often at more than 20° toward the expected vent, buried beneath the Nevado Chachani volcanic complex. In contrast with the relatively small extent of the thick AAI, the La Joya ignimbrite covers large areas from the Altipano down the Piedmont. Ti-poor titanomagnetites are the dominant magnetic carriers and AMS values are generally lower than 1.05. Magnetic foliations are sub horizontal and lineations directions are scattered in the LJI. The AMS fabrics are probably controlled by post-depositional compaction and welding of the deposit rather than transport dynamics. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

一阶Weyl代数上Stafford定理的Groebner基底实现

J.T.Stafford证明了 n阶 Weyl代数的每一左理想都是由 2个元素生成的。本文对一阶Weyl代数 A1 进行研究 ,在 J.Dixmier结果的基础上 ,利用 Groebner基知识 ,根据原有生成元 ,能算法性的构造出 A1 的每一左理想的 2个生成元 ,从而在一阶 Weyl代数上实现了 Stafford定理     

磁组构与构造变形

磁组构通常指磁化率各向异性,即AMS(Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility),是一种重要的岩石组构,是弱变形沉积岩地区灵敏的应变指示计.近年来,AMS在造山带及前陆地区的广泛应用为构造变形研究提供了极大的帮助,同时提升了该方法的理论认识.本文在研读最新相关文献与著作的基础上,结合笔者及研究团队在龙门山地区获得的磁组构研究成果,综述了磁组构在沉积岩地区构造变形研究中的应用进展,并基于现有的研究认识对关键问题进行讨论,提出以下几点认识:(1)磁性矿物分析是AMS研究的关键,应结合多种岩石磁学实验及光学与电子显微构造研究手段展开详细的磁性矿物学分析;(2)磁化率椭球与应变椭球的对应主轴在绝大多数情况下相互平行,但在不同期次、不同种类复杂的磁性矿物组成,或者多期次构造变形的影响下,AMS与应变的关系相对复杂,应比对高场和低温AMS及非磁滞剩磁各向异性(AARM)测试结果,获得不同矿物的优选定向特征,并对获得的组构进行分期;(3)AMS可以揭示造山带及其前陆地区的构造演化历史,并且是分析断层相关褶皱的有限应变特征和变形机制的重要方法,同时也是厘定断裂带变形性状和期次及运动学分析的有效手段;(4)磁组构形成于成岩作用早期或构造变形的最早阶段,能很好地记录褶皱和逆冲作用之前的平行层缩短变形,因此可以揭示同沉积阶段的古构造应力方向.后期足够强烈的构造变形能局部改造或彻底掩盖先存AMS记录,构造流体有关的同构造期结晶矿物或先存矿物的重结晶导致的再定向被认为是其根本原因;(5)斜交磁线理是一种特殊的磁组构类型,反映了区域构造叠加或多期构造变形作用或隐伏斜向逆冲等可能的构造过程,有必要结合多方面的地质证据对其成因作出合理解释.     

磁化率各向异性与剪切带

岩石组构记录了地壳形成与演化的关键信息,提取这些信息对分析和恢复地球动力学过程具有重要意义.磁化率各向异性(AMS)是一种重要的岩石组构方法,可以有效地揭示岩石的应变特征,分析其地球动力学过程,是研究构造变形性质以及应力作用方式的有效手段.本文在梳理AMS的研究历史、主要成果和最新进展的基础上,系统阐述了AMS的基本原...     

南海北部陆架柱状沉积物记录的残留沉积

对南海北部外陆架珠江口西南的E602孔进行了粒度分析和AMS14C年龄测定,通过沉积学分析,认为该孔沉积物形成于近滨环境,时间为全新世初期。根据岩性的变化将该孔分为上下2段,下段岩性较均匀,粒度参数变化较小,主要是风暴成因的递变悬浮沉积序列,形成于近滨上部环境;上段为均匀悬浮,为近滨下部环境。该孔下段的沉积作用主要是对晚更新世低海平面时沉积物的改造和再沉积,基本没有新的陆源物质加入,属于残留沉积或准残留沉积,只是在晚期的上段沉积中才有少量以细粒物质为主的新物源加入。     

地图出版的数字打样方案

地图电子出版系统的推广使用, 缩短了地图生产的周期。但地图目前的打样方式仍是传统的机械打样, 形成了印前工艺过程的“瓶颈”。数字式打样取代传统机械打样是印刷方式由模拟式向数字式转变的需要, 其中关键要解决好版式打样与颜色打样的方案。同时, 数字式打样和传统工艺还有一些不相适应的地方, 需要在技术上和工艺流程中改进和调整。     

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility investigations of the St Malo dyke swarm (Brittany, France): emplacement mechanism of doleritic intrusions

A high-quality aeromagnetic survey of northern Brittany (line spacing 250  m; flight elevation 150  m) has been used to delineate the Lower Carboniferous St Malo dyke swarm in detail. The dyke swarm fans at its northern and southern ends, and is affected by N60° sinistral transcurrent faults. After restoration of these offsets, the full structure trends in a N–S direction. Small dykes are not imaged, and only one-third of the swarm is evidenced by magnetism. Gravity and magnetic modelling shows that the swarm overlies a single N–S elongated magma chamber.
  The distribution of K _max inclinations of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) suggests that the dykes display a fanning magma flow in section. Computed K _max inclinations are usually shallower than the measured geological dips, probably because the flow becomes more disturbed as the dyke becomes shallower. We observe that the mean susceptibility values increase when the magma flow is steeper than about 70°.
  A detailed cross-section of St Briac dyke, which is part of the St Malo dyke swarm, reveals that the main carrier of magnetization is magnetite in the centre of the dyke and magnetite + maghaemite on its rims. The emplacement of the St Malo dyke swarm could have been contemporaneous with the N60° shearing which displaced the dyke swarm by about 20  km. The dyke swarm is cut at its southern end by an E–W-orientated fault which probably acted during Late Carboniferous times.     

陆相断陷湖盆沉积物磁组构特征及环境意义--以泥河湾盆地为例

选取陆相湖盆泥河湾盆地的郝家台和东谷坨两剖面,共取样２８６块,研究喾物磁组构参数特征及其环境意义。结果表明,沉积物磁组构参数的变化与沉积物粒度参数、磁化率的变化密切相关,蕴含着环境变化的信息。磁化率各向异性度（Ｐ）、磁线理（Ｌ）、沉积物磁化率的高值和细粒物质含量的低值指示湖水平面下降,气候较为干燥;相反,则说明湖水平面上升,气候较为湿润。据此,将泥河湾盆地沉积过程中湖水平面的变化过程划分为２个大的