Crustal accretion beneath the Koyna coastal region (India) and Late Cretaceous geodynamics

In 1967 a major earthquake in the Koyna region attracted attention to the hitherto considered stable Indian shield. The region is covered by a thick pile of Deccan lava flows and characterized by several hidden tectonic features and complex geophysical signatures. Although deep seismic sounding studies have provided vital information regarding the crustal structure of the Koyna region, much remains unknown. The two available DSS profiles in the region have been combined along the trend of Bouguer gravity anomalies. Unified 2-D density modelling of the Koyna crust/mantle suggests a ca. 3 km thick and 40 km wide high velocity/high density anomalous layer at the base of the crust along the coastline. The thickness of this anomalous layer decreases gradually towards the east and ahead of the Koyna gravity low the layer ceases to be visible. Based on the seismic and gravity data interpretation in the geodynamical/rheological boundary conditions the anomalous layer is attributed to igneous crustal accretion at the base of the crust. It is suggested that the underplated layer is the imprint of the magmatism caused by the deep mantle plume when the northward migrating Indian plate passed over the Reunion hotspot.     

叠合断陷盆地沉积体系分析--以东海丽水-椒江凹陷为例

 丽水-椒江凹陷是我国近海海域典型的叠合断陷盆地。综合分析岩芯、地震、录井、测井等资料,对东海丽水-椒江凹陷沉积体系开展了重点研究。分析认为,古新世研究区主要发育5种沉积体系:扇三角洲体系、三角洲体系、湖泊体系、海洋体系及重力流体系。在此基础上对古新统各组的沉积体系展布进行了深入探讨,其中,断陷初期月桂峰组为湖泊沉积环境,而后断陷继续,海侵发生,沉积环境转变为海洋环境;古新统沉积期三角洲体系主要发育于凹陷西缓坡,以闽浙隆起为物源,扇三角洲主要发育于同沉积断裂控制的东侧陡坡带,在月桂峰及灵峰组沉积期,灵峰潜山出露水面,其两侧形成多个扇三角洲（近岸水下扇）沉积。基于以上研究,预测出研究区的两个有利勘探相带:灵峰潜山两侧扇三角洲（近岸水下扇）及滨浅海（湖）砂体、丽水西次凹西斜坡南部与断块有利构造相匹配的三角洲前缘及滑塌重力流砂体。     

面向空间数据挖掘的MCSs移动和传播影响因素分析

利用1998年6～8月青藏高原逐时红外遥感云图及青藏高原高分辨率有限区域数值预报值(HLAFS), 运用空间数据挖掘的相关分析技术对青藏高原MCSs的移动和传播与其周围环境场中物理量场之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:它们东移出高原(105(E)与其东侧在400、500hPa上的高度(H)、涡度(VOR)、散度(DIV)、水汽通量散度(IFVQ)、垂直速度(W)、指数(K)等6个物理量的特征值,以及其自身形状密切相关.这对MCSs的移动和传播这一迄今的难题提供了研究思路和方法,同时对预报高原MCSs东移影响长江中下游地区的强降水也很有帮助.     

粉状煤系土的物理力学特性

采用不同天气下的原位及室内试验方法,对广东云浮地区粉状煤系土的工程地质性质进行了测试,系统研究了煤系土的物理力学特性,重点论述了粉状煤系土不同干密度、不同含水率下抗剪强度和现场静力触探比贯入阻力的变化规律,提出了粉状煤系土的多项强度指标,建立了具有实用参考价值的经验性公式。研究结果为合理评价粉状煤系土的特性、路基处理和边坡处治提供理论依据,具有一定的实际意义。     

怎样欣赏山水风光

大自然造化的山水风光对人们具有极大的精神感召力, 而人们要欣赏自然风光的经常途径是旅游。因此, 山水风光已经成为发展国民经济的重要自然资源。旅游地学将地质学、地理学的理论与研究方法运用于旅游资源的调查与开发, 对发展国民经济有重要的理论和经济意义。欣赏山水风光首先要观察山水风光内在的成景因素, 同时也要探索山水与周围环境和社会环境的相互关系和相互作用。前者指山水的自然形态、线条、体积、数量、音响、色彩和动势以及植被; 后者主要指相适应的建筑, 有时还包括气象特征和人文特色。它们共同谓之风景的构成因素。     

The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves?

A cumulonimbus cloud may ascend and spawn its anvil cloud, precipitation, and downdrafts within an hour or so. This paper inquires why a similar progression of events (life cycle) is observed for tropical weather fluctuations with time scales of hours, days, and even weeks. Regressions using point data illustrate the characteristic unit of rain production: the mesoscale convective system (MCS), covering tens of kilometers and lasting several hours, with embedded convective rain cells. Meanwhile, averages over larger spatial areas indicate a self-similar progression from shallow to deep convection to stratiform anvils on many time scales.Synthetic data exercises indicate that simple superpositions of fixed-structure MCS life cycles (the Building Block hypothesis) cannot explain why longer period life cycles are similar. Rather, it appears that an MCS may be a small analogue or prototype of larger scale waves. Multiscale structure is hypothesized to occur via a Stretched Building Block conceptual model, in which the widths (durations) of zones of shallow, deep, and stratiform anvil clouds in MCSs are modulated by larger scale waves.Temperature (T) and humidity (q) data are examined and fed into an entraining plume model, in an attempt to elucidate their relative roles in these large-scale convection zone variations. T profile variations, with wavelengths shorter than troposphere depth, appear important for high-frequency ( 2–5-day period) convectively coupled waves, as density directly links convection (via buoyancy) and large-scale wave dynamics (via restoring force). Still, the associated q anomalies are several times greater than adiabatic, suggesting a strong amplification by shallow convective feedbacks. For lower frequency (intraseasonal) variability, q anomalies are considerably larger compared to T, and may be dominant.     

青海都兰地区控矿构造特征研究

本文应用地质力学的理论和方法,划分了青海都兰地区构造体系,讨论了其成生发展和演化历史。指出区域东西向构造、南北向构造和西域系是成矿前构造体系。本区主要的控矿构造体系是青藏歹字型(头部外围褶带)和河西系,并确定了主要控矿构造型式。文中还讨论了构造体系对区内沉积建造、岩浆建造,矿产分布规律的多级控制作用和构造体系复合的控矿作用。      

基于GTP的地下工程与围岩一体化真三维空间构模

针对地下工程开挖体的基本特征及其真三维建模要求，在广义三棱柱(GTP)模型的基础上进行扩展，提出采用E—GTP模型来构建地下工程开挖体的真三维模型。通过与其围岩地质体的G—GTP模型的耦合，实现了基于GTP的工程开挖体与围岩地质体的一体化建模。该模型将地下三维空间实体抽象为点、线、面、体四类对象，通过结点、TIN边、侧边、TIN面、侧面和GTP体元共6个基本几何元素进行统一表达。该文重点讨论了E—GTP的建模原理与方法，并介绍了基于面向对象思想的一体化空间数据结构。     

探测仪器特性曲线异常分析

探测仪器感应曲线发生变化,造成升速异常、等压面的温度、湿度错误、雷达〖CD*2〗气压高差偏大、时间〖CD*2〗高度线曲变化异常造成的规定高度上的风误差偏大,使部分资料或整份资料失真,影响探测准确性。本文主要从仪器的感应曲线变化后对各气象要素产生的影响进行分析,得出结论：不同的元件变性对气象要素产生的影响不同,气压变化的影响侧重于高差和升速,温度变化则侧重于规定等压面的温度绝对误差和规定等压面高度的偏差。采用绝对误差计算、加密气象要素计算等方法,结合图形、数据对比,可以确定感应曲线变化时间,从而及时、有效的对探测数据做出合适的处理,进一步提高探测数据的精准度。     

低孔低渗储层渗透率测井解释模型研究

采用岩心分析数据与测井曲线相结合的方法,引入泥质含量参数配合声波时差进行多元线性回归分析。建立鄂尔多斯盆地研究区低孔低渗储层渗透率测井解释模型。根据泥质含量特征二次分类后进行多元线性回归,建立两个渗透率测井解释模型相关性良好,对应于研究区两种不同的沉积微相特征;测井解释渗透率与岩心实测渗透率匹配良好,解释模型满足研究区精度要求。在沉积微相背景约束条件下,对研究区储层选择合理参数多元线性回归建立渗透率测井解释模型,可以使低孔低渗储层渗透率解释达到良好应用效果。