渤海地区平台结构设计环境条件选取分析

随着平台的使用年限增长,环境条件随着海洋环境的变化而变得日益恶劣,对于渤海地区,提出了是否采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件进行结构设计.经过对渤海地区的部分中心平台和井口平台50年/100年环境条件对比分析,提出了对于渤海地区海上平台结构采用100年一遇环境条件替换50年一遇环境条件.     

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.     

2012年成都市PM10污染与地面气象条件的相关性分析

为了解2012年成都市PM10浓度分布情况及其与地面气象条件的相关性,通过分析2012年PM10浓度的分布情况,选取了13次污染过程,并对这些过程中的地面气象要素情况进行分析。结果表明,PM10浓度呈波状分布,其中3月和11月分别达到峰值,7月为全年最低;过程期间各变量具有以下特征:PM10浓度与温度呈正相关,与气压呈负相关,当有降温升压时PM10浓度减小;24小时变压变温都较小,表明天气较稳定;地面风速小,普遍小于2m/s,且主要为弱偏西偏北风,而当风速增大时有利于PM10的扩散;低能见度与较大的相对湿度对应较好,二者有明显的负相关。     

江门市年最大风速变化特征分析

为了更好的了解江门市年最大风速的变化特征,利用欧洲中尺度天气预测中心(ECWMF)提供的1979-2012年每天8个时次地面(10m高度)阵风后处理资料,通过Mann-Kendall突变检验和经验正交函数(EOF)分解等方法,统计分析了江门市年最大风速的变化趋势及时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)该地区年最大风速一般介于20-30m/s,呈线性上升趋势,并在2003年左右发生了突变。(2)江门市年最大风速出现的季节主要是在夏季和秋季。(3)江门市年最大风速的时空变化存在两种主模态,他们分别可以解释总方差的76.0%和9.0%。第1模态在空间上表现为全区一致性,从21世纪初至今呈现显著的2~4年的变化周期;第2模态在空间上呈现出东北-西南反向型,同样在21世纪初期存在明显的2年和4年年际变化信号。     

行走古韵宜宾 邂逅遗世李庄

正李庄古镇位于四川宜宾东郊的长江南岸,素有"万里长江第一古镇"之称。李庄古镇距今已有1460年的建镇史,是长江边上的千年古镇。古镇依长江繁衍生息,形成了"江导岷山,流通楚泽,峰排桂岭,秀流仙源"的自然景观,也因这一独特的地理位置,几乎不被世人所知晓。李庄古镇历史悠久,早在春秋战国时期就是古僰人的     

土地执法应在实践中探寻出路

正提起"国土资源执法难"这个话题,人人都会说难。即便是干了几十年的"老执法",也常常是一声叹息。究其根源,既有制度、体制不健全的原因,也有执法不严、查处不力的原因。但笔者认为,未能在萌芽状态制止违法占地行为是导致土地执法难的重要原因。众所周知,一旦问题出现,就应该早发现、早制止。否则,时间拖长了将一发不可收拾。同样,土地执法亦如此。违法占地行为发现得越迟,查处难度就会越大,给违法者和政府带来的损失就会越大。因此,土地违法必须早发现、早制止、早查处,这不仅可以减少那些违法占地者的损失,还能将违法占地制止在萌芽状态。     

起名之祸

正1966年至1976年十年之久的"文化大革命",斗争和批判成为了当时的家常便饭。那时候什么事情都"上纲上线",动辄得咎,人人自危。甚至连我们兄弟三个起的乳名也成为被批斗的把柄。孩子起名,特别是男孩儿,向来是家庭的大事,总是慎之又慎,而且又往往请自己的爷爷给起,以表达重视程度。我家上两代都是长工,一贫如洗,但爷爷在亲戚的帮助下,幼年曾读过两年私塾。他亲身经历了新旧社会的两重天,对党和国家充满着深厚感情。     

又是一年丁香花开时

五月的天,稚嫩的小草悄悄地从土里钻出来,逐渐蔓延开来,终于铺满整个心底。就在不久之前,那里还是一片荒漠,还在孤寂地徘徊。一缕微甜微苦泥土的馨香,从极深极远处飘来,时断时续,在屏气凝神时才能体会到,那丝丝入扣真实地沁入整个身躯,令人唇齿生香。     

在泥巴里成长

正侗家人对稻田里的泥巴是情有独钟的。为什么呢?专家还没有给出一个答案。也许是数千年的水稻种植传统形成的稻作文明使然吧,是泥巴养育了禾苗,禾苗养育了侗家人,故此"崇拜"泥巴。也许不是,也许还有其他的传说和说法。暂不理会。不过,有趣的是,侗家的男孩子,一生至少要在泥巴田里滚过3次,才算成人,有些还在泥巴田里讨到老婆呢。     

Variability of tropical cyclone in high frequent occurrence regions over the western North Pacific

In this study, three high frequent occurrence regions of tropical cyclones(TCs), i.e., the northern South China Sea(the region S), the south Philippine Sea(the region P) and the region east of Taiwan Island(the region E), are defined with frequency of TC's occurrence at each grid for a 45-year period(1965–2009), where the frequency of occurrence(FO) of TCs is triple the mean value of the whole western North Pacific. Over the region S, there are decreasing trends in the FO of TCs, the number of TCs' tracks going though this region and the number of TCs' genesis in this region. Over the region P, the FO and tracks demonstrate decadal variation with periods of 10–12 year, while over the region E, a significant 4–5 years' oscillation appears in both FO and tracks. It is demonstrated that the differences of TCs' variation in these three different regions are mainly caused by the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) at different time scales. The westward shift of WPSH is responsible for the northwesterly anomaly over the region S which inhibits westward TC movement into the region S. On the decadal timescale, the WPSH stretches northwestward because of the anomalous anticyclone over the northwestern part of the region P, and steers more TCs reaching the region P in the greater FO years of the region P. The retreating of the WPSH on the interannual time scale is the main reason for the FO's oscillation over the region E.