海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷幔源CO2充注对下白垩统砂岩储层质量的影响

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统含片钠铝石砂岩部分记录了幔源CO_2-砂岩相互作用历史.为揭示幔源CO_2充注对储层质量的影响,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜观察和孔隙度、渗透率数据研究了海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学和储层特征.幔源CO_2的充注导致了长石的部分溶解和片钠铝石及铁白云石的沉淀.长石的溶解形成了次生孔隙.片钠铝石以针状晶形为特征,其集合体呈束状、簇状、扇状和玫瑰花状.部分片钠铝石呈板状.片钠铝石以充填孔隙为主,少量交代长石和其他骨架碎屑颗粒.片钠铝石局部被铁白云石交代,说明铁白云石的形成晚于片钠铝石.片钠铝石的含量为1%～20%.相同深度段的含片钠铝石砂岩(n=597,h=1309.15～2140.71m)与普通砂岩(n=1550,h=1323.72～2141.3m)的孔隙度、渗透率数据统计表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的物性整体上低于普通砂岩,说明CO_2的充注导致了储层质量的改变.片钠铝石含量-孔隙度和片钠铝石含量-渗透率之间的关系,揭示片钠铝石含量是引起储层质量改变的主要因素.片钠铝石含量10%似乎是储层质量发生变化的界限,当片钠铝石含量＞10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率降低;当片钠铝石含量＜10%,随片钠铝石含量增加,部分砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率表现出增加趋势.作者认为,片钠铝石含量高的砂岩长期处于高CO_2分压成岩环境,而片钠铝石含量低的砂岩则处于高CO_2分压成岩环境的时间相对较短.     

Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China

Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of 1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca²⁺, HCO₃⁻, calcite saturation index, and CO₂ partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream. In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO₂ degassing) during day time and consumption of CO₂ due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release of CO₂ by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO₂ production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed. The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow out of water.     

南阳凹陷原油含氮化合物组成及其控制因素

原油的含氮化合物总量及其组成特征不仅受原油运移距离影响,而且还受成油母质类型和成熟度影响.对南阳凹陷27个原油含氮化合物的研究表明,其油气运移指向的规律性不强,原因主要是由于原油运移距离较短,地质色层效应不明显.魏岗南部和北部原油的成熟度差异较大,但含氮化合物组成特征总体上非常相似,表明南阳凹陷原油的含氮化合物总量及其组成主要受控于成油母质类型.     

空气中氡浓度的预测

氡是一种放射性惰性气体,它与肺癌的关系已引起人们的高度重视,世界上许多国家都开展了环境氡的研究工作;氡的母体元素铀、镭在地质环境中的分布与空气中的氡浓度水平有密切关系,通过研究地质环境中铀、镭的分布资料,就能快速定性地评价空气中氡浓度水平.     

表层岩溶地下水出露地表后的脱气作用——以重庆市南川区柏树湾表层岩溶泉溪流为例

以重庆市南川区柏树湾表层岩溶泉溪流为例,沿柏枝溪流程以一定间距监测水体中HCO3-的浓度及其pH、电导率、溶解氧等水化学参数,并初步探究溪流水的脱气效应。结果显示(1)表层岩溶地下水出露地表后,HCO3-浓度沿流程呈现出递减的规律;(2)HCO3-浓度递减的快慢反映了脱气作用的强弱,溪流脱气速率具有“枯水期>平水期>丰水期”的特点;(3)暴雨期间由于稀释效应HCO3-浓度递减趋势不明显,但降雨后期,递减又开始逐渐产生;(4)脱气效应在造成溪流水HCO3-浓度减小的同时,也导致电导率(EC)沿柏枝溪流程逐渐降低,而pH值逐渐升高;(5)沿途溶解氧(DO)昼夜变化表明,水生生物作用对脱气作用可能也有一定的影响,但其影响机制还有待进一步的研究。      

古大气CO2浓度重建方法技术研究现状

温室气候引起的全球气候变暖越来越引起人们的关注,大气中不断上升的CO2浓度被认为是导致气候变暖的主要因素.地史时期大气CO2浓度变化与温室气候可能存在类似的关系,可提供参考,因而古大气CO2浓度重建是首要任务.总结近年来古大气CO2浓度重建的进展,重点介绍GEOCARB模型模拟、植物叶片气孔参数和同位素指针的方法和技术.GEOCARB模型是反映全球古大气CO2浓度长期变化的碳相关模型;气孔参数方法是使用气孔比例来估计古大气CO2浓度;同位素指针包括成壤碳酸盐、浮游植物有机质生物标记物、钙质浮游有孔虫、古苔藓植物等,其中成壤碳酸盐碳同位素方法使用最为广泛.国内只是在叶片参数研究方面有一些进展,古大气CO2浓度重建工作任重而道远.     

川西可尔因矿集区稀有金属矿床成矿规律与 找矿方向

为了解可尔因矿集区地质特征和成矿规律,查明矿集区地质找矿方向,对矿集区内成矿地质条件进行了系统分析和总结。研究表明稀有金属成矿主要与印支晚期—燕山早期的中-酸性花岗岩有关,岩浆侵位与成矿伟晶岩脉之间具有结晶分异演化关系。含矿岩浆不均一的结晶分异作用,导致了稀有金属矿化多分布在可尔因岩体东部和南部。在过铝质高挥发分的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩浆侵位和结晶分异演化过程中,在岩体与地层的接触带构造发育地段,形成了伟晶岩型稀有金属矿体,具有"岩浆岩-地层-构造"控制成矿的特征。据此提出了矿集区内的找矿标志和岩体与地层接触部位为今后找矿重点区域。     

热处理褐铁矿去除水中的Mn2+

本文利用褐铁矿中针铁矿经热脱水相变获得以纳米晶赤铁矿为主要物相的纳米-微米多级孔结构材料,并用于模拟净化富Mn~(2+)地下水。同时考察了热处理温度、初始pH值、初始Mn~(2+)浓度、吸附反应时间等对材料去除溶液中Mn~(2+)的影响。XRD、TEM、BET表征结果表明,300℃热处理产物中赤铁矿孔径最小为2.7 nm,比表面积最大达到107.4 m~2/g。吸附实验结果表明,在pH值5~10的范围内,p H值对煅烧褐铁矿颗粒对Mn~(2+)去除效果影响较小;材料在贫氧条件下对水中低浓度Mn~(2+)的最大吸附量为6.45 mg/g;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;褐铁矿热处理形成的纳米晶赤铁矿对Mn~(2+)具有吸附和催化氧化作用,其中的杂质锰氧化物对Mn~(2+)的吸附和催化氧化具有增强作用。     

Water Self-Softening Processes at Waterfall Sites

Many rivers in tropical and subtropical karst regions are supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 and have high water hardness. After flowing through waterfall sites, river water is usually softened, accompanied by tufa formation, which is simply described as a result of water turbulence in fast-flowing water. In this paper, a series of laboratory experiments are designed to simulate the hydrological conditions at waterfall sites. The influences of air-water interface, water flow velocity, aeration and solid-water interface on water softening are compared and evaluated on a quantitative basis. The results show that the enhanced inorganic CO2 outgassing due to sudden hydrological changes occurring at waterfall sites is the principal cause of water softening at waterfall sites. Both air-water interface area and water flow velocity increase as a result of the "aeration effect", "low pressure effect" and "jet-flow effect" at waterfall sites, which greatly accelerates CO2 outgassing and therefore makes natural w     

不同土壤类型多氯联苯土壤残留特征变化分析

为了解多氯联苯（PCBs）在不同土壤类型中的环境分布行为,在“中国网格化农药排放残留模型”的基础上,开发了“中国网格化工业污染物排放残留模型”,并用以对PCBs的研究。进行了PCBs的单源排放和包括城市土壤、旱田、水田、草地、林地及荒地等6种不同类型的土壤残留特征的数值模拟,并对土壤残留特征的变化进行了分析。研究结果表明：PCBs在土壤中的残留浓度与土壤的含气和含水率及其理化性质有关,对排放期末6种类型土壤质量分数与土壤含水体积作相关分析,其相关系数为R=-0.999 5,显著性水平P<0.000 1;PCB同系物在不同土壤层的残留浓度的变化与其理化性质有关。低氯取代的PCB同系物由于其水溶解度高,更容易向深层土壤迁移,其在土壤纵向分布随时间变化较快;随着土壤深度的增加,高氯取代的PCB同系物向深层土壤的扩散能力较弱,其在土壤纵向分布较为稳定。