全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2121篇 |
免费 | 520篇 |
国内免费 | 341篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 103篇 |
大气科学 | 695篇 |
地球物理 | 698篇 |
地质学 | 868篇 |
海洋学 | 107篇 |
天文学 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 107篇 |
自然地理 | 395篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 90篇 |
2020年 | 111篇 |
2019年 | 106篇 |
2018年 | 70篇 |
2017年 | 91篇 |
2016年 | 111篇 |
2015年 | 96篇 |
2014年 | 118篇 |
2013年 | 221篇 |
2012年 | 112篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 87篇 |
2009年 | 101篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 147篇 |
2006年 | 135篇 |
2005年 | 127篇 |
2004年 | 139篇 |
2003年 | 139篇 |
2002年 | 90篇 |
2001年 | 93篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 77篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2982条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Matthew E. Brueseke Matthew T. Heizler William K. Hart Stanley A. Mertzman 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007
The timing and petrogenesis of mid-Miocene flood basalt volcanism in the northwest United States has been extensively addressed, yet the chemical characteristics and temporal details of the Steens Basalt, exposed on the Oregon Plateau, are poorly defined. Steens Basalt volcanism has generally been accepted to have occurred at ∼ 16.6 Ma, coeval and/or just prior to the onset of Columbia River Basalt Group volcanism to the north. New major and trace element analyses and nine 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 15.51 ± 0.28 to 16.58 ± 0.18 Ma were obtained on Oregon Plateau flood basalt lava flows from stratigraphic sections in close proximity to Steens Mountain. Additionally, new 40Ar/39Ar ages were obtained on the uppermost and thirty-first lava flow down from the top of the ∼ 1 km section of Steens Basalt exposed at Steens Mountain and yield eruption ages of 16.59 ± 0.10 and 16.55 ±0.10 Ma, respectively. Field relations between these basalt sections suggest that multiple eruptive centers were present in the vicinity of Steens Mountain. 相似文献
992.
Sub-grid scale parameterisation of 2D hydrodynamic models of inundation in the urban area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents preliminary results from a study considering the parameterisation of coarse-grid 2D flood models to take
into account sub-grid scale flow patterns occurring in the urban area. A simulation of a severe flood in an urbanized coastal
floodplain is first run using a fine grid that can resolve the flow around and between buildings. Next, the same model is
run again using the same underlying topography, although stripped from any buildings, and a set of 7 values of the roughness
parameter (Manning’s n), all larger than (or equal to) the value used in the original run. A further set of simulations is carried out using a five-fold
increased grid cell size. It is found that while it may be possible to model the overall effects of the buildings using strongly
increased roughness parameter values, using a coarse grid otherwise has implications related to the loss of information about
the site topography that results in flood flow routes being incorrectly modelled. 相似文献
993.
21世纪前期新疆洪旱灾害防灾减灾对策研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
洪旱灾害是我国内陆干旱区最主要的自然灾害。本文归纳总结了新疆洪旱灾害的基本特征、近期变化和形成机理;阐述了洪旱灾害近期研究动态和灾害防治的新进展,对新疆洪旱灾防治能力作了简要评估;在以人为本的科学发展观指导下,根据"治水"的新理念和新疆的实际,提出21世纪前期新疆洪旱灾害减灾对策建议。 相似文献
994.
995.
利用深圳气象台1953-2005年的雨量资料,对洪涝的两种统计方法进行了对比分析,并引出了更为科学和合理的"任意连续10 d/20 d雨量统计洪涝的方法"。通过检验,该方法能够较准确地反映洪涝灾害的实际情况。 相似文献
996.
The finite‐volume technique is used to solve the two‐dimensional shallow‐water equations on unstructured mesh consisting of quadrilateral elements. In this paper the algorithm of the finite‐volume method is discussed in detail and particular attention is paid to accurately representing the complex irregular computational domain. The lower Yellow River reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan is a typical meandering river. The generation of the computational mesh, which is used to simulate the flood, is affected by the distribution of water works in the river channel. The spatial information about the two Yellow River levee, the protecting dykes, and those roads that are obviously higher than the ground, need to be used to generate the computational mesh. As a result these dykes and roads locate the element interfaces of the computational mesh. In the model the finite‐volume method is used to solve the shallow‐wave equations, and the Osher scheme of the empirical function is used to calculate the flux through the interface between the neighbouring elements. The finite‐volume method has the advantage of using computational domain with complex geometry, and the Osher scheme is a method based on characteristic theory and is a monotone upwind numerical scheme with high resolution. The flood event with peak discharge of 15 300 m3/s, occurring in the period from 30 July to 10 August 1982, is simulated. The estimated result indicates that the simulation method is good for routing the flood in a region with complex geometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
Earth observation from active microwave satellites such as RADARSAT-1 is an excellent tool to monitor and forecast floods. Two complementary approaches are described in this paper: (a) real time or near-real time monitoring of flood extent and (b) mapping of hydrological properties of drainage basins. Since it can penetrate through clouds, which usually occur during precipitation periods, and due to the fact that it can be programmed with different incidence angles, RADARSAT-1 enables frequent coverage over specific areas of interest. It has been used successfully to monitor a major flood of the Red River in Manitoba in 1997, by providing frequent coverage of the flood during its progression and decrease. Resulting data and images have been useful in planning the emergency measures and in assessing flood damage. RADARSAT has also the ability to characterize hydrological properties of watersheds. It has been used in agricultural catchments in Europe for mapping soil surface roughness, which affects runoff coefficients, concentration time and resistance to erosion processes. Used to complement optical data, RADARSAT has provided information on the status of land use and soil protective cover in drainage basins. This information can then be translated into parameters and coefficients that hydrological models can use for runoff and flood forecasting 相似文献
998.
Spatially distributed hydrologic models can be effectively utilized for flood event simulation over basins where a complex system of reservoirs affecting the natural flow regime is present. Flood peak attenuation through mountain reservoirs can, in fact, mitigate the impact of major floods in flood‐prone areas of the lower river valley. Assessment of this effect for a complex reservoir system is performed with a spatially distributed hydrologic model where the surface runoff formation and the hydraulic routing through each reservoir and the river system are performed at a fine spatial and time resolution. The Toce River basin is presented as a case study, because of the presence of 14 active hydroelectric dams that affect the natural flow regime. A recent extreme flood event is simulated using a multi‐realization kriging method for modelling the spatial distribution of rainfall. A sensitivity analysis of the key elements of the distributed hydrologic model is also performed. The flood hydrograph attenuation is assessed. Several possible reservoir storage conditions are used to characterize the initial condition of each reservoir. The results demonstrate how a distributed hydrologic model can contribute to defining strategies for reservoir management in flood mitigation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
The evolution of the late Archean Belingwe greenstone belt,Zimbabwe, is discussed in relation to the geochemistry of theultramafic to mafic volcanic rocks. Four volcanic types (komatiite,komatiitic basalt, D-basalt and E-basalt) are distinguishedin the 2·7 Ga Ngezi volcanic sequence using a combinationof petrography and geochemistry. The komatiites and D-basaltsare rocks in which isotopic systems and trace elements are depleted.Chemical variations in komatiites and D-basalts can be explainedby fractional crystallization from the parental komatiite. Incontrast, komatiitic basalts and E-basalts are siliceous anddisplay enriched isotopic and trace element compositions. Theirchemical trends are best explained by assimilation with fractionalcrystallization (AFC) from the primary komatiite. AFC calculationsindicate that the komatiitic basalts and E-basalts are derivedfrom komatiites contaminated with 20% and 30% crustal material,respectively. The volcanic stratigraphy of the Ngezi sequence,which is based on field relationships and the trace elementcompositions of relict clinopyroxenes, shows that the leastcontaminated komatiite lies between highly contaminated komatiiticbasalt flows, and has limited exposure near the base of thesuccession. Above these flows, D- and E-basalts alternate. Thekomatiite appears to have erupted on the surface only in theearly stages, when plume activity was high. As activity decreasedwith time, komatiite magmas may have stagnated to form magmachambers within the continental crust. Subsequent komatiiticmagmas underwent fractional crystallization and were contaminatedwith crust to form D-basalts or E-basalts. KEY WORDS: komatiite; crustal assimilation; Belingwe greenstone belt; continental flood basalt; plume magmatism 相似文献
1000.
海温对辽宁省主汛期降水异常影响的统计分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对辽宁省主汛期降水异常的时变特征进行分析的基础上,研究了前期海温场对辽宁主汛期(7—8月)降水影响的统计特征。结果表明:1)辽宁省汛期降水异常有明显的年际、年代际变化特征,近44a降水呈减少趋势。小波分析表明存在3~5a的年际周期和10~12a的年代际周期。2)存在2个影响辽宁汛期降水异常的海温关键区及相应的关键时段,它们分别是南大西洋(1—5月)和西太平洋(3—4月),综合考虑2个关键区可更好地预示辽宁汛期降水的异常。 相似文献