Chinese Contribution to CMIP5：An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances

An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.     

An Overview of Nowcasting Development, Applications, and Services in the Hong Kong Observatory

The Hong Kong Observatory （HKO） has been developing a suite of nowcasting systems to support op- erations of the forecasting center and to provide a variety of nowcasting services for the general public and specialized users. The core system is named the Short-range Warnings of Intense Rainstorm of Localized Systems （SWIRLS）, which is a radar-based nowcasting system mainly for the automatic tracking of the movement of radar echoes and the short-range Quantitative Precipitation Forecast （QPF）. The differential, integral （or variational）, and object-oriented tracking algorithms were developed and integrated into the nowcasting suite. In order to predict severe weather associated with intense thunderstorms, such as high gust, hail, and lightning, SWIRLS was enhanced to SWIRLS-II by introduction of a number of physical models, especially the icing physics as well as the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. SWIRLS-Ⅱ was further enhanced with non-hydrostatic, high resolution numerical models for extending the forecast range up to 6h ahead. Meanwhile, SWIRLS was also modified for providing nowcasting services for aviation community and specialized users. To take into account the rapid development of lightning events, ensemble nowcasting techniques such as time-lagged and weighted average ensemble approaches were also adopted in the nowcasting system. Apart from operational uses in Hong Kong, SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ was also exported to other places to participate in several international events such as the WMO/WWRP Forecast Demon- stration Project （FDP） during the Beijing 2008 Olympics Games and the Shanghai Expo 2010. Meanwhile, SWIRLS has also been transferred to various regional meteorological organizations for establishing their nowcasting infrastructure. This paper summarizes the history and the technologies of SWIRLS/SWIRLS-Ⅱ and its variants and the associated nowcasting applications and services provided by the HKO since the mid 1990s.     

平凡岗位作贡献廉洁铸造国土魂

什么是廉洁？清如秋菊是廉洁,淡似梅花是廉洁.从“棒打送礼”的顾协,到铁面无私的包拯,再到一心为民的焦裕禄,回顾中华民族的辉煌历史,清正廉洁的例子不胜枚举,廉洁之士的浩然正气,在历史长河中熠熠生辉.而今天,我要讲述的,是我身边的一名普通公务员,一位平凡共产党员的廉洁故事.2010年,我第一次见到那个略显疲倦的身影.那天,我来到办公室,只见一位年过半百、头发花白、面目慈祥的老前辈正伏在办公桌前认真地审阅资料.我的到来似乎打扰了他的思考,他抬起头,扶了扶眼镜,微笑着对我说：“你好,小伙子,我叫梁惠盛,欢迎加入国土队伍.”从此,我便认识了梁工.     

广西巨拓电子科技有限公司

广西巨拓电子科技有限公司座落于南宁市美丽南湖湖畔的梦之岛广场13楼,成立于2009年,注册资金2000万元,是一家专业从事信息系统集成、IT产品销售、技术咨询服务的专业技术公司。     

北祁连西段祁青构造混杂岩中的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

在北祁连西段三岔口等6幅1∶5万区域地质调查中,对祁青构造混杂岩进行了调查研究,通过LA-ICPMS法单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得206Pb/238U表面加权平均年龄494±15Ma,相当于中寒武世,故将该混杂岩解体,部分归为中寒武世黑刺沟组。     

宁镇地区燕山期侵入岩锆石U-Pb定年:长江中下游新一期成岩成矿作用的年代学证据

对宁镇地区3个典型燕山期岩体(安基山-伏牛山岩体、下蜀-高资岩体和石马岩体)的中酸性侵入岩进行LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb定年,给出(109.1±1.9)~(101.6±1.1)Ma的年龄值,代表了这些侵入岩体的形成年代,为该地区中酸性侵入岩形成时代提供了精确的约束。宁镇地区铜-多金属成矿作用在时间、空间和成因上与100~110Ma左右的中酸性钙碱性岩浆活动相关联,区内成岩成矿作用是一个连续的过程。宁镇地区燕山期中酸性侵入岩形成于早白垩世晚期,而长江中下游九瑞等地区的同类型侵入岩形成于早白垩世早期,二者相差约25~35Ma;结合白垩纪以来太平洋板块活动特征对中国东部陆区成岩成矿的制约,这些年代学数据揭示出宁镇地区燕山期岩浆活动及其成矿响应是中生代长江中下游成矿带大规模岩浆-成矿活动的新一期成岩成矿事件,深部地球动力学背景对应中国东部中生代岩石圈拆沉-减薄事件。长江中下游地区的岩石圈减薄从135Ma左右开始,可能持续到100Ma左右。     

135~130 Ma: 大别山第二次“去根”时间？

大别杂岩主要由早白垩世侵入岩和三叠纪变质岩组成。它的四周是四条区域性韧性剪切带:郯城—庐江断裂,商城—麻城断裂,襄樊—广济断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂。其中,晓天—磨子潭断裂和襄樊—广济断裂在早白垩世具有相反的走滑剪切方向:北侧的边界断裂(晓天—磨子潭断裂)是一个左行剪切断裂,而南侧的边界断裂(襄樊—广济断裂)是一个右行剪切断裂。在大别杂岩内部,早白垩世低角度剪切面理的倾伏向以SE向或NW向为主。这些晚期剪切面理上的拉伸线理的倾伏向同样为SE或NW向。大别杂岩总体具有朝SE向挤出和顶部相对朝NW向剪切的构造特征。这些表明晚中生代是该杂岩演化的重要阶段。该杂岩的边界断裂和内部构造特征指示其晚期抬升是沿造山带方向(SE—NW)以低角度方式进行的。这一过程直接导致高压-超高压变质岩和同构造岩浆岩被抬升至近地表。同时,年代学研究表明:大别杂岩(扬子板块东北缘地壳)在晚侏罗世—早白垩世经历大规模混合岩化的时间为145~135 Ma,同造山岩浆作用的时间为145~135 Ma,后造山火山-岩浆活动的时间为135~120 Ma。因此,该杂岩中三叠纪高压-超高压变质岩所记录的早白垩世抬升过程不是印支事件的后续,而是燕山期陆内造山及随后发生的伸展过程有关。尽管这一陆内造山事件的起始时间至今仍不确定,但大别山未变形岩体(130~120 Ma)的年代学研究结果和我们新测得的同构造伟晶岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄(130 Ma)为早白垩地壳变形提供了良好的上限制约。这样,大别山经历了三叠纪碰撞造山和伸展,晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆内造山-伸展二次过程。     

桂西北玉凤、巴马晚二叠世辉绿岩年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究

为了深入探讨扬子地块西南缘的玉凤和巴马辉绿岩是否受到峨眉山地幔柱活动的影响,对其进行了主量元素、微量元素及锆石U-Pb年龄测定。结果表明,它们属于钙碱性系列和高钾钙碱性系列,具高铝低镁特征,轻稀土富集,Ti/Y500、Nb/La=0.75~0.85、Th/Ta=1.75~2.38、Ta/Hf0.1;锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为255.3±3.9 Ma和257.6±2.9Ma。初步认为,它们可能源自亏损地幔并受到少量地壳物质的混染作用,且均显示出大陆板内玄武岩的特征,应为峨眉山玄武质岩浆活动的产物。     

新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

对新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩中橄榄辉长岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩地球化学分析表明:辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩具有钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,橄榄辉长岩和蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩属镁铁质堆积岩,为蛇绿岩组成单元;稀土总量较高,具微弱正Eu异常,稀土元素配分模式为略左倾平坦型,与SSZ型镁铁质堆晶岩稀土配分模式相同;微量元素蛛网图上,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、K、Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,可能代表俯冲板片的流体交代上覆地幔楔使地幔岩石发生部分熔融。地球化学构造环境判别柳树沟镁铁质岩石岩浆源区为亏损型地幔向富集型地幔过渡的适度富集型地幔,其形成的最佳模型是在成熟岛弧基础上裂谷化形成的一个不成熟的类似边缘海性质弧后盆地,不具成熟大洋或盆地那样的洋壳-上地幔结构,在盆地扩张初期岩浆具岛弧特征,随着盆地被进一步打开,镁铁质岩石具N-MORB特征。对辉长岩采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得特柳树沟镁铁质岩石的结晶时间为314.9±1.7 Ma。     

内蒙古边家大院矿区石英斑岩U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古边家大院银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段,是一个成因类型复杂的银多金属矿床。为了精确厘定该矿床的成岩时代,对区内与成矿关系密切的石英斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,该斑岩的形成年龄为140±1.2Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石化学研究表明,边家大院石英斑岩的SiO2含量高(75.62%~75.80%),Al2O3含量较低(13.32%~13.33%),Alk质量分数较高(8.60%~8.71%),K2O/Na2O值为4.51~4.77。稀土配分曲线呈右倾轻稀土富集型,铕亏损强烈,δEu值为0.22。富集高场强元素Zr、Hf、Th和大离子亲石元素Rb、K,而亏损P、Ti、Sr、Ba、La。上述特征显示矿区石英斑岩与A1型非造山花岗岩一致,推断岩浆主要来源于地壳,形成于张性环境。结合矿床地质特征及前人在区域上的研究成果,认为燕山期是大兴安岭南段成矿和成岩高峰期之一,矿区石英斑岩形成的构造背景主要与古太平洋板块向西的大规模俯冲所引起的伸展作用有关。