近190ka B.P.以来西太平洋暖池北缘上层海水结构和古生产力演化特征及其控制因素——来自钙质超微化石、有孔虫和同位素的证据

对取自西菲律宾海暖池北缘的Ph05—5岩芯进行了钙质超微化石和有孔虫研究。在利用氧同位素曲线对比和AMS^14C数据进行地层划分的基础上,依据超微化石和有孔虫及其同位素组成等指标,分析了近190 ka B．P以来区域生产力和上层海水结构的演变特征,探讨了其控制因素和所指示的古海洋学意义。钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda百分含量和基于浮游有孔虫转换函数的温跃层深度变化表明,Ph05—5岩芯所在的热带西太平洋暖池北缘约190kaB．P．以来,营养跃层和温跃层冰期（MIS 6期和5d-2期）浅,间冰期（MIS5e）和全新世深,而MIS5e期是最近两个冰期旋回中营养跃层和温跃层深度最深时期。通过Fprofunda百分含量初级生产力转换方程计算结果和与钙质超微化石绝对丰度的变化显示,冰期初级生产力高,间冰期和全新世初级生产力低,MIS5e期初级生产力为末两次冰期旋回之最低。此外,Ph05—5岩芯△δ^13Cc.wullerstorfi-coccolith和△6δ^12Cc.wullerstorfi-N.dutertrei.差值变化显示,190ka B．P以来表层输出生产力冰期高,间冰期低,其中最为突出的特征也是MIS5e期为生产力输出的最低值期。上层海水结构和生产力的上述变化特征与现代La Nina事件暴发时的海洋环境相当类似,该海区MIS5e期可能是LaNina事件频繁爆发的一段时期,可以与现代LaNina现象类比。同时,根据Wyrtki提出的信风张弛理论推测MIS5e期,由于LaNina事件的频繁暴发黑潮主流应该是增强的。     

利用模板阴影体算法实现矢量数据在三维场景中的绘制

提出了一种基于模板阴影体算法的矢量数据绘制方法,实现了矢量数据在三维场景中的高质量实时叠加显示。由于该方法基于屏幕空间,所以具有像素级的精度,不会出现传统的基于纹理方法所产生的绘制走样现象;而且不受地形几何数据的约束,其执行效率与地形数据的复杂度无关,仅取决于矢量数据本身的复杂度。详细论述了基于模板阴影体算法矢量数据绘制的关键技术,并通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

意大利西南部卡拉布里亚岛弧增生体中的冷泉活动

为了识别和掌握冷泉活动,大量的调查正在卡拉布里亚岛弧增生棱柱体开展。2005年夏天,意大利“OGS勘探者”号调查船在卡拉布里亚岛弧海区中发现了多处冷泉活动,现在已经被2006和2007年深入开展的两个海洋科学调查航次所证实（调查船分别为R／VMeter和R／VPourquoisPas）。     

基于HYCOM再分析数据研究琉球海流的形成与起源

The origin of the Ryukyu Current(RC) and the formation of its subsurface velocity core were investigated using a 23-year(1993–2015) global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) dataset. The volume transport of the RC comes from the Kuroshio eastward branch(KEB) east of Taiwan and part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(pNPSG). From the surface to 2 000 m depth, the KEB(p-NPSG) transport contributes 41.5%(58.5%) to the mean total RC transport. The KEB originally forms the subsurface velocity core of the RC east of Taiwan due to blockage of the subsurface Kuroshio by the Ilan Ridge(sill depth: 700 m). Above 700 m, the Kuroshio can enter the East China Sea(ECS) over the Ilan Ridge, meanwhile, the blocked Kuroshio below 700 m turns to the right and flows along the Ryukyu Islands. With the RC flowing northeastward, the p-NPSG contribution strengthens the subsurface maximum structure of the RC owing to the blockage of the Ryukyu Ridge. In the surface layer, the pNPSG cannot form a stable northeastward current due to frequent disturbance by mesoscale eddies and water exchange through the gaps(with net volume transport into ECS) between the Ryukyu Islands.     

不同海区石英悬浮体颗粒表面微结构特征及其成因

悬浮石英颗粒表面在不同的水动力环境中会形成一些特有的表面结构,对这些特点的研究有助于理解微小颗粒在水中的行为以及沉积环境的变化。基于对在不同海区采取表层和不同深度的悬浮石英颗粒表面结构的扫描电镜的观察, 发现在水动力较强的南海海域石英颗粒表面大多呈现出机械作用成因的结构,化学溶蚀痕迹不明显;马六甲海峡、孟加拉湾南部海域、阿拉伯海东部海域站位石英颗粒表面开始出现明显的化学溶蚀痕迹,为机械-化学溶蚀作用的结果;莫克兰海沟站位表层样品石英颗粒表面化学溶蚀作用强烈,随着深度的增加,溶蚀作用减弱,200m水深以下,石英颗粒表面的结构主要为机械-化学溶蚀作用的结果。中国南海西南部3号站位、马六甲海峡北部7号站位以及孟加拉湾南部的11号站位的表层石英悬浮体颗粒较大,可以达到10μm左右,大于其他海区的石英颗粒(3～4μm)。研究海区海水中悬浮体石英颗粒大都呈现棱角状,表现为近源沉积,偶尔可见磨圆度较好且表面有新月形撞击坑,推测可能为风尘沉积。     

北部湾悬浮颗粒现场剖面测量与粒度分析

应用LISST-100现场激光粒度仪于2006年8月在北部湾首次进行了悬浮颗粒剖面测量,获得了整个垂直剖面的悬浮颗粒现场粒径分布、体积比和光衰减系数,并计算得到了垂直剖面的总浓度和各层的粒度参数及粒级组成。结果表明,悬浮颗粒自上而下均为双峰分布,只是表层的双峰位于5．57μm和34．4μm,中间层和底层的双峰位于34．4μm和129．4μm。悬浮颗粒体积比自上而下逐渐增大,到达底层时达到最大。光衰减系数的变化趋势与颗粒体积比非常相似,且二者存在很好的相关性,相关系数高达0．98。整个垂直剖面上,表层粒度较细,随着深度增加粒度逐渐变粗,到达底层时粒度最粗。悬浮体总体上正偏,峰态值较小,分选较差。粒度以砂为主,粉砂含量次之,不舍黏土。     

Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data

The muhiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used are trajectories and （1/4） ° latitude by （1/4） ° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. In the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan, China appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31 °N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anti- cyclonic eddy in fall.     

周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体生长、体组成及氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响

采用持续投喂(对照组C)和周期性饥饿1d再投喂5d(S1F5)、周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d(S2F4)、周期性饥饿3d再投喂3d(S3F3)4种投喂策略,研究了周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体(10.16±0.25g)的生长、体组成、氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响。结果表明:S3F3处理组中体重增重率、胴体长增长率及成活率三个指标均分别显著低于对照组C(P0.05),而S1F5和S2F4处理组三个指标均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,随着周期性饥饿时间的延长,体组成水分含量呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均呈显著下降趋势(P0.05),灰分含量变化不显著(P0.05)。三个处理组中氨基酸总量(T)、必需氨基酸总量(E)均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05);EPA、DPA和DHA含量均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。综合上述结果表明,S1F5和S2F4组的曼氏无针乌贼幼体均出现了完全补偿生长,并且对其营养组成没有影响,建议曼氏无针乌贼幼体的最佳投喂模式为周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d。     

自然延伸概念及相关地质要素在海域划界中的影响效力分析

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entitled the coastal States to naturally extend the continental shelf, which has caused more drastic disputes of maritime delimitation. This paper devotes to clarifying the significant concept of natural prolongation through an effect method combing the legal principles and technical analysis. Firstly, the classic samples with respect of the development of geological features are traced. Based on these samples, the classification with a model is proposed in order to affirm the concept''s significance under certain geomorphologic situations. Lastly, scientific analysis is used to present two potential prolongation situations and emphasize that all the technical analysis on maritime delimitation should be complied with international law and protect the common interest of all the mankind.     

台湾以东黑潮的低频变化及机制研究

本文基于AVISO（Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data）1993-2015年间的海表面绝对动力高度数据,研究了台湾以东黑潮的低频变化特征,并探讨了影响其变化的机制。结果表明,台湾以东多年平均的黑潮流幅值约为136 km,表层流量值约为7.75×104 m2/s,对应的标准差分别为28 km和2.14×104 m2/s。台湾以东黑潮不仅具有显著的季节变化特征,还具有显著的年际变化特征。功率谱分析结果表明,台湾以东黑潮表层流量具有1 a和2.8 a的显著周期。空间上,台湾东南部黑潮的年际变化幅度比东北部强烈。相关性及合成分析结果表明,台湾以东黑潮的年际变化与PTO（Philippines-Taiwan Oscillation）之间存在显著的相关性。PTO年际震荡所导致的副热带逆流区反气旋式涡旋与气旋式涡旋的相对强度是影响台湾以东黑潮年际变化的主要动力因素。