煤矿采区高密度三维地震采集参数讨论

随着煤矿采区高密度三维地震技术的不断推广,对其采集参数选择有了新的认识,特别是线束方向、线距大小、最大炮检距以及覆盖次数与CDP面元等关键采集参数的选择。从理论计算到工程实践角度,对煤矿采区高密度三维地震采集参数进行了分析与讨论,认为:道距、线距、炮点距、炮线距的大小与面元尺寸大小密切相关,能否实现无假频空间采样取决于面元大小,增大线距有利于提高性价比;以煤层构造勘探为目标的前提下,最大炮检距可以大于目的层埋深;在地震条件良好地区,高密度三维地震设计的覆盖次数不宜太高,以提高分辨率;高密度三维地震是面积采集、立体勘探,其线束方向设计不应受制于构造走向的约束。通过不同面元大小、不同覆盖次数以及大线距采集的典型工程实例,初步印证了上述结论的正确性。      

异养性海洋鞭毛虫摄食生态学研究进展

异养的海洋鞭毛虫由食细菌者、植食性动物、碎屑取食者、营渗透营养者[1~4]构成,个体大小一般为2~200μm,但<2μm和>200μm的也已有发现,在绝大多数海区,其密度为102~105个/mL[4,5]。异养鞭毛虫是海洋生态系统中浮游生物群落的重要成员,同时又是海洋微食物环的重要环节之一[6,7     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区天然裂缝与岩石力学层演化:基于数值模拟的定量分析

岩石力学层控制天然裂缝发育程度与成因机制,同样地,裂缝发育也会影响岩石力学参数的大小与各向异性.受成岩与构造作用的双重影响,岩石力学层会发生迁移,因此,控制裂缝发育的岩石力学层及适用于预测天然裂缝分布的岩石力学层可能不再存在.本文提出了一种采用储层地质力学方法分析构造因素控制下的岩石力学层迁移规律模拟方法 .通过野外观测建立三维裂缝离散网络模型,采用岩石力学实验测量岩石与裂缝面的力学参数,编制三循环法模拟程序研究不同尺寸、不同方位的裂缝性岩体等效力学参数,提出了裂缝性储层地质力学建模最优网格单元大小确定方法,并建立了裂缝参数与岩体力学参数间的数学模型.最后,通过不同时期古应力场数值模拟,预测裂缝的密度、产状,实现了构造因素控制下岩石力学层迁移规律数值模拟.结合鄂尔多斯盆地西缘裂缝组合样式及后期应力场模拟的精度要求,确定地质力学建模最优网格单元大小为28 m;在地质力学建模中,过小的网格单元尺度不能完整刻画单元内的裂缝发育模式.从燕山期至喜马拉雅期到现今,伴随着天然裂缝的发育,岩体杨氏模量总体呈下降趋势,泊松比增大,并且岩石杨氏模量与泊松比间的空间差异性逐渐减小.     

1992兰德斯地震震源处应力量值的研究

给出了根据地震前后应力轴偏转、地震应力降和地震前后相对主应力大小,计算震源处应力量值的方法.并将该方法运用于兰德斯地震的霍姆斯特德谷断层段,获得了该子断层10 km深度处震前最大、中间和最小主应力的量值分别为271,266 MPa和259 MPa;震前断层面上的正应力和剪切应力分别为265MPa和6.2 MPa;震后断...     

鸡蛋膜固相萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的微量铅

鸡蛋膜是由蛋白质组成的一种纤维状的生物膜。本研究利用扫描电镜和红外光谱对鸡蛋膜的结构进行分析表征,证实其具有网状结构,表面存在着—OH、—COOH、—NH2等官能团,能与一些金属离子产生吸附和交换作用。在pH=6的条件下,用蛋膜作吸附剂分离富集水样中的微量铅,5 mL 3%的硝酸进行洗脱,然后采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行测定。实验中对吸附分离介质、溶液流速、蛋膜用量、洗脱剂浓度及共存离子的影响等条件进行了优化和讨论。在最佳的实验条件下,蛋膜对铅的富集倍数为30,方法检出限(3σ)为0.017 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为3.45%,加标回收率为96.0%～104.2%。与现行的分离富集方法相比,建立的方法具有简单、无毒、成本低的优点,用于实际水样中铅的分析能够获得满意的结果。     

The study of size-grade of prehistoric settlements in the Circum-Songshan area based on SOFM network

Choosing site area, cultural layer thickness, significant relics and significant remains as the variables, we applied cluster analysis to the ancient settlements of four cultural periods, respectively, which were Peiligang, Yangshao, Longshan and Xiashang, in 9000–3000 a BP, around Songshan Mountain. Through application of the SOFM (self-organizing feature map) networks, every type of ancient settlements was classified into different size-grades. By this means, the Peiligang settlements were divided into two grades, Yangshao and Longshan settlements were divided into three grades, respectively, and Xiashang settlements were divided into four grades. The results suggested that the size-grade diversity of ancient settlements was not significant during the Peiligang period in this area. Around the middle-late Yangshao period (5000 a BP), the size-grade diversity of ancient settlements began to appear, a process that continued during the Longshan period and finally matured in the Xiashang period. Moreover, the results reflected the regional differences in cultural characteristics in a particular period, which were mainly represented in that there were three Peiligang cultural systems distributed in different areas. Such differences also existed in the spatial distributive characteristics between the Xia and Shang cultures. Based on the size-grade study of ancient settlements in the Circum-Songshan area, it was found that the SOFM networks method was very suitable for size-grade classification of ancient settlements, since, using this method, adjacent cells would compete and learn from each other, a benefit that reduced the effect on classification by the inaccuracy of site acreages.     

用等值线性质 定等值线大小

正等值线性质是相邻两条等值线数值相等或相差一倍等值距。这是所有等值线大小判断的基础,也是地理教师归纳的各种方法的基础。例如:(2002年全国文综卷)读图1,回答8～10     

4种微量金属元素对绿色巴夫藻生长、叶绿素a及大小的影响

把 4种微量金属离子以不同的浓度添加到绿色巴夫藻的培养液中 ,结果表明 :Hg2 +和Pb2 +浓度分别在 5μg/L和 2 0 0 μg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有较好的促进作用 ,同时也使叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Hg2 +≥ 2 0 μg/L时 ,绿色巴夫藻的生长受到抑制 ,叶绿素a的含量降低。Pb2 +所有的试验浓度都使绿色巴夫藻生长加快 ,叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Co2 +在 1μg/L时对绿色巴夫藻的生长有最好的促进效果 ,但当Co2 +≥ 5μg/L时 ,开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,而Co2 +所有的试验浓度都使叶绿素a的含量降低 ;Mn2 +浓度在 10 0 μg/L时 ,对促进绿色巴夫藻生长的效果最佳 ,4 0 0 μg/L的浓度开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,但所有Mn2 +的试验浓度对叶绿素a含量的变化影响不显著。 4种微量金属元素都使绿色巴夫藻略微变小。     

Evolution of M81 with Exponentially Decreasing Star Formation Rate of PEGASE

Based on the large field multicolor observations of Beijing-Arizona-Taiwan-Connecticut (BATC) program, we obtain the spectral energy distribution (SED) for individual regions of M81. We study the structure and evolution of M81 with an evolutionary population synthesis (EPS) model, PEGASE. We find that the exponentially deceasing star formation rate (SFR) with star formation scale 3 Gyr (hereafter Exp, τ=3 Gyr) gives the best agreement between the model predictions and the observed SEDs. We then obtain the structure, age distribution and evolutionary history of M81. There is a clear age gradient between the central and outer regions. The populations in the central regions are older than 7 Gyr,those in the outer regions are younger, at about 4.5 Gyr. The youngest components in the spiral arms have ages of about 2.5 Gyr or less.     

一种SAR原始数据的变换域编码算法

根据SAR原始数据经沃尔什变换(WHT)后的系数特性,提出了一种在沃尔什域按各子带能量分布作变比特块自适应量化的算法-沃尔什域块自适应量化(WHT-BAQ),并将本方法与时域BAQ算法和FFT-BAQ算法作了比较.实验证明,在相同比特率下,WHT-BAQ算法的数据域和图像域信噪比均比时域BAQ算法高,与FFT-BAQ算法性能相当.WHT-BAQ算法的运算量略大于时域BAQ算法,但大大小于FFT-BAQ算法的运算量.加之沃尔什变换具有不作乘法、有快速算法的特性,所以将它用于SAR原始数据压缩有一定的优越性.