宝鸡地区农田土壤水分周年变化特征及冬小麦干旱指标

从北到南分别选取陇县、凤翔、渭滨、太白4县（区）气象站1986--2005年的土壤水分资料分析,得出宝鸡市年平均土壤湿度为17．1％,年变化幅度较大,最小值为13．3％,最大值为21．7％。土壤水分周年变化划分为冬春内部调整期、春季初夏失墒期、雨季恢复补充期、秋季缓慢失墒期4个阶段。土壤水分的垂直变化主要在0～50cm,愈往下层,变化愈小。确定了3个干旱区域和冬小麦干旱土壤水分指标。     

2009年度优秀论文评选揭晓

为激励中青年气象科技人员不断创新、发表更多高水平的学术论文以及进一步提高《干旱气象》的载文质量,促进学术交流,本刊自2007年起建立年度优秀论文评选制度,并对优秀论文作者进行奖励。     

基于热结构图分析2009年湖南省的高温热害天气

尝试利用欧阳首承教授提出的信息数字化方法,对2009年湖南省的高温热害天气进行分析研究。结果显示:数字化方法不仅可以揭示高温、热害天气的特殊性和预报的客观依据性,而且具有超前2～3 d的预报期。具有实用性和可操作性,值得一线预报人员使用并推广。     

甘肃省气候暖干化与农业干旱灾害的联系

基于甘肃省59站的1961～2008年月平均气温和月降水量资料,计算了陆面蒸散量、干燥度及线性变化率,揭示了甘肃省气候暖干化的事实,分析了暖干化及与农业干旱灾害的联系。结果指出:甘肃近48a气温呈上升趋势,降水量呈减少趋势,干燥度呈增大趋势,气候暖干化趋势明显;气候暖干化导致了干旱灾害频繁发生,是农业受旱灾面积扩大,粮食减产的主要原因。     

天气、气候影响评述

2009年10-12月江西省光、温、水等气象条件与常年相近。 10月,平均气温为历年同期第二高值年,降水为历年同期第四偏少年,日照偏多。本月光热充足,气温日较差大,雨日少,对二晚籽粒增重及成熟收晒有利,并有利于棉花裂铃吐絮和收晒。但由于降水持续偏少,大部分地区出现轻度以上农业干旱,对秋冬种造成不利,部分油菜因旱无法播种,已播油菜因旱影响出苗及幼苗生长。     

Seasonal Prediction of Summer Temperature over Northeast China Using a Year-to-Year Incremental Approach

We present a model for predicting summertime surface air temperature in Northeast China (NESSAT) using a year-to-year incremental approach. The predicted value for each year's increase or decrease of NESSAT is added to the observed value within a particular year to yield the net forecast NESSAT. The seasonal forecast model for the year-to-year increments of NESSAT is constructed based on data from 1975-2007. Five predictors are used: an index for sea ice cover over the East Siberian Sea, an index for central Pacific tropical sea surface temperature, two high latitude circulation indices, as well as a North American pressure index. All predictors are available by no later than March, which allows for compilation of a seasonal forecast with a two-month lead time. The prediction model accurately captures the interannual variations of NESSAT during 1977-2007 with a correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed NESSAT of 0.87 (accounting for 76% of total variance) and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.3℃. A cross-validation test during 1977 2008 demonstrates that the model has good predictive skill, with MAE of 0.4℃ and a correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed NESSAT of 0.76.     

Drought reconstruction in the Qilian Mountains over the last two centuries and its implications for large-scale moisture patterns

We present a composite tree-ring chronology from two sites of Qilian Juniper(Sabina przewalskii)in the northwestern Qilian Mountains(QM),Northwestern China.Precipitation in June was found to be the main limiting factor for tree-growth.The tree rings are also significantly and positively correlated with June precipitation over large areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).The authors thus consider that the tree- ring based drought reconstruction from 1803–2006 is representative of a large area drought hist...     

Climatological characteristics of the moisture budget and their anomalies over the joining area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean

The climatological characteristics of the moisture budget over the joining area of Asia and the Indian-Pacific Ocean (AIPO) and its adjacent regions as well as their anomalies have been estimated in this study. The main results are as follows. In the winter, the northeasterly moisture transport covers the extensive areas at the lower latitudes of the AIPO. The westerly and northerly moisture transport is the major source and the South Indian Ocean (SIO) is the moisture sink. In the summer, influenced by the southwesterly monsoonal wind, the cross-equatorial southwesterly moisture transport across Somali originating from the SIO is transported through the Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BOB), and the South China Sea (SCS) to eastern China. The AIPO is controlled by the southwesterly moisture transport. The net moisture influx over the AIPO has obvious interannual and interdecadal variations. From the mid- or late 1970s, the influxes over the SIO, the AS, the northern part of the western North Pacific (NWNP), and North China (NC) as well as South China (SC) begin to decrease abruptly, while those over Northeast China (NEC) and the Yangtze River-Huaihe River basins (YHRB) have increased remarkably. As a whole, the net moisture influxes over the BOB and the southern part of the western North Pacific (SWNP) in the recent 50 years take on a linear increasing trend. However, the transition timing for these two regions is different with the former being at the mid- or late 1980s and the latter occurring earlier, approximately at the early stage of the 1970s. The anomalous moisture source associated with the precipitation anomalies is different from the normal conditions of the summer precipitation. For the drought or flood years or the years of El Ni\~no and its following years, the anomalous moisture transport originating from the western North Pacific (WNP) is the vital source of the anomalous precipitation over eastern China, which is greatly related with the variation of the subtropical Pacific high.     

径流量Z指数与Palmer指数对河西干旱的监测

利用河西内陆河水文代表站1959-2004年逐月径流量资料、内陆河流域灌溉区1949-2001年耕地面积及代表站1961-2005年的气象资料, 通过对径流量进行正态化处理来确定径流量Z指数, 并以径流量Z指数作为径流干旱指数, 对旱涝等级进行划分; 考虑径流量Z指数的旱涝等级与农业灌溉用水实际情况之间的关系, 给出了径流量Z指数的灌溉指标。将径流量转化为降水量, 改进Palmer旱度模式, 且在作改进后, 又将潜在蒸散量的计算法由利用桑斯威特公式改为利用彭曼公式。结果表明:将径流量考虑到Palmer干旱指数中并改变蒸散量的算法, 使得该指数对河西灌溉区干旱情况的监测均有所改善。对照河西地区的干旱事件, 径流量Z指数监测到的干旱情况, 比Palmer干旱指数改进前、后监测到的干旱情况效果更佳。径流量Z指数能更真实地反映河西灌溉区干旱状况。     

利用温度植被干旱指数反演伊犁博州地区土壤湿度

利用MODIS合成产品数据MOD11A2和MOD13A2获取的归一化植被指数（NDVI）和陆地表面温度（LST）构建Ts—NDVI特征空间,并把该特征空间计算的温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）作为土壤湿度指标。利用该指标反演伊犁博州地区6～8月3个月份每8d的土壤湿度。然后将土壤湿度分为5级,进而得到该时段伊犁博州地区土壤湿度空间分布特征。