First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A, carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter （SCAT）, was successfully launched in August 2011. The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data. The in situ winds from the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） buoys, R/V Polarstern, Aurora Australis, Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform, were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds. The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5 min and 12.5 km. For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products, the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of-0.49 m/s, a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s. Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds, the RMSE of 19.19° with a bias of 0.92° is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s. These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons. Moreover, the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012. The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community.     

中国西北某煤化工区土壤中砷的人体健康风险及其安全阈值

本研究对中国西北某大型煤化工区的土壤样品进行采集。通过密闭消解后应用ICP CCT MS法对土壤样品中砷（As）含量进行测定,选取吸入土壤颗粒、皮肤接触、经口摄入3种主要的暴露途径,对煤化工区3个不同煤气化单元土壤中As的人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明,煤化工区土壤中As的单物质综合致癌风险为可接受水平的6~9倍,As的危害商则在可接受水平范围之内。煤化工区土壤中As的人体健康风险以经口摄入为主体暴露途径,该途径下致癌风险的贡献率占全部致癌风险的68.64%。在对各暴露途径致癌风险控制值计算的基础上选择致癌风险贡献率最高、控制值最低的经口摄入途径的控制值1.59 mg/kg作为该煤化工区土壤中As的参考安全阈值。结合中国煤化工行业发展特点、区域土壤中As的背景值水平、地区气候和地质特点等,考虑不同国家和地区As的人体健康风险可接受水平差异和可行性,才能综合确定特定煤化工区域土壤环境中As的安全阈值。     

LMD和小波阈值的GNSS坐标时间序列降噪应用

局部均值分解方法降噪过于粗糙,将认定为噪声的乘积函数(PF)分量直接剔除,导致有用信息丢失.为了有效提取GNSS站坐标时间序列的有用信息,该文提出一种局部均值分解和小波阈值相结合的降噪方法.通过局部均值分解将坐标时间序列分解为一系列PF分量和余项,依据消除趋势波动分析方法计算各PF分量的Hurst指数,利用小波阈值提取H≤1的PF分量中的有用信息,将提取出的信息与剩余PF分量叠加重构获得最终降噪的坐标时间序列.通过对5个测站的坐标时间序列进行实验,结果表明局部均值分解和小波阈值相结合的方法能够有效提取噪声分量中的有用信息,信噪比提高了27.8％,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

小波分析在雷击大气电场波形去噪分析中的应用

雷击时大气电场信号中混杂的噪声信号影响对真实大气电场信号的分析、提取和使用。文中通过计算仿真信号和去噪前后真实电场信号的均方误差,分析选取不同的小波函数、阈值法和小波分解层数对去噪效果产生的影响。考虑雷击时大气电场信号的信噪比,选用sym5小波和db5小波与minimaxi和rigrsure阈值法结合,且对小波的分解层数选用6~7层,进行大气电场波形的去噪处理,其去噪效果比较理想。最后,将该方法用于实际雷击大气电场波形数据的去噪处理,对雷击时电场波形的突变性检测中,在20个样本中有14个在首次雷击前1.5~2 h具有突变过程,占70%,这为将大气电场仪资料引入其他气象参数预报模型提供了切入点。     

江门市年最大风速变化特征分析

为了更好的了解江门市年最大风速的变化特征,利用欧洲中尺度天气预测中心(ECWMF)提供的1979-2012年每天8个时次地面(10m高度)阵风后处理资料,通过Mann-Kendall突变检验和经验正交函数(EOF)分解等方法,统计分析了江门市年最大风速的变化趋势及时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)该地区年最大风速一般介于20-30m/s,呈线性上升趋势,并在2003年左右发生了突变。(2)江门市年最大风速出现的季节主要是在夏季和秋季。(3)江门市年最大风速的时空变化存在两种主模态,他们分别可以解释总方差的76.0%和9.0%。第1模态在空间上表现为全区一致性,从21世纪初至今呈现显著的2~4年的变化周期;第2模态在空间上呈现出东北-西南反向型,同样在21世纪初期存在明显的2年和4年年际变化信号。     

Performance Evaluation of a Self-Developed Ozonesonde and Its Application in an Intensive Observational Campaign

To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten- sive ozonesonde release experiment was held at two sites in Beijing and Changchun in June 2013. The results showed that the mean background current and its standard deviation were 0.03 （0.04） pA and 0.02 （0.03） pA in Bei- jing （Changchun）. The average response time and its standard deviation were 27.8 s （30.4 s） and 4.0 s （3.7 s） in Beijing （Changchun）. The ozone partial pressure profiles at both sites showed a central peak in the stratosphere and a side peak in the boundary layer. Large variation in ozone partial pressure was observed at the middle levels of the atmosphere （10-17 kin）. A more marked gradient of ozone change was observed in Beijing （3.4 mPa km-1） at the lower atmosphere level, as compared to that in Changchun （0.4 mPa km-l）. The results presented in this paper indicate that this self-developed ozonesonde shows a high level of reliability and good performance. The ozonsonde is expected to play an important role in opera- tional observations of ozone profiles.     

利用ASTER-GDEM提取川中丘陵区水系

本文以ASTER GDEM为基本数据源,基于均值变点方法,选取合适的汇流阈值,得到川中丘陵区嘉陵江支流西河流域水系;在此基础上对其沟谷段特征进行了研究。结果表明,均值变点方法能较好判定提取川中丘陵区西河水系的汇流阈值;ASTER-GDEM总体上能较好描述丘陵地区沟谷水系;西河水系源头区沟谷段偏长,侵蚀较为强烈。     

小波阈值消噪在大坝变形数据处理中的应用

为了克服硬阈值函数不连续,软阈值函数中估计小波系数与分解小波系数之间存在着恒定偏差的缺陷,更好地改进滤波效果,提高去噪质量,须采用一种新的阈值处理策略。新阈值函数表达式简单易于计算,克服了硬软阈值的缺点。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论是在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值及Matlab的阈值优化算法,充分体现出其优越性。