A Crashworthy Device Against Ship-OWT Collision and Its Protection Effects on the Tower of Offshore Wind Farms

At present,more and more offshore wind farms have been built and numerous projects are on the drawing tables.Therefore,the study on the safety of collision between ships and offshore wind turbines (OWT) is of great practical significance.The present study takes the advantage of the famous LS-DYNA explicit code to simulate the dynamic process of the collision between a typical 3MW offshore wind turbine model with monopile foundation and a simplified 2000t-class ship model.In the simulation,the added mass eff...     

海上风力发电机三桩基础波流力的计算

考虑了波浪在水流中的变形,计算了波流共存场中海上风力发电机三柱基础的受力.应用离散涡法,求解了不可压缩粘性流体的水平二维涡量-流函数Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了不同桩位布置对波流场的影响.以及各桩受力和三桩基础总力的随布置方式不同的变化.     

HIGH-RESOLUTION NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE IN HAINAN PROVINCE AND ITS OFFSHORE WATERS

With high resolution (1 km), the distribution of wind energy resources in Hainan province and over its offshore waters is numerically simulated by using the Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit (WEST) model developed by Meteorological Research Branch of Environment Canada. Compared with observations from eight coastal anemometric towers and 18 existing stations in the province, the simulations show good reproduction of the real distribution of wind resources in Hainan and over its offshore waters, with the relative error of annual mean wind speed being no more than 9% at the 70-m level. Moreover, based on the simulated results of WEST grids that are closest to where the eight wind towers are located, the annual mean wind speeds are further estimated by using the Danish software WasP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program). The estimated results are then compared with the observations from the towers. It shows that the relative error is also less than 9%. Therefore, WEST and WEST+WAsP will be useful tools for the assessment of wind energy resources in high resolution and selection of wind farm sites in Hainan province and over its offshore waters.     

A METHOD OF ESTIMATING TYPHOON CENTRAL WIND BASED ON SEA LEVEL PRESSURE OF THE TYPHOON YEARBOOK OF CHINA

Based on the Typhoon Yearbook data (1980–2000), some wind-pressure fitting relationships were established for different typhoon intensity at the different latitudes of the western North Pacific. As shown in validations with the 2001-2005 data, the relationships (namely, those between minimum sea level pressure (SLP) and maximum sustained wind near a typhoon center) are stable. They may be applied to correct the overestimated typhoon wind speeds in earlier years (1950–1979). Statistical analysis showed that the stronger the typhoon, the more stable this wind-pressure relationship is. Moreover, it is more stable at the lower latitude belt (10°N–30°N). On the basis of this result, a methodology of correcting typhoon’s wind speeds and frequency in these years was put forward, and the climatological series were reconstructed of yearly total typhoon frequencies over the western North Pacific in 1950-1979 and indices were determined of destructive power of typhoons in the offshore regions of China.     

风力发电机的发展史

人类很早就认识到风能是一种可再生、无污染的绿色能源,使用风能发电,可以“变相地”减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放。经过计算,平均每装一台单机容量为1兆瓦的风能发电机,每年可以减排2000吨二氧化碳(相当于种植2.6平方千米的树木)、10吨二氧化硫、6吨二氧化氮。     

海上风力发电的关键技术

在欧洲近海区域,风能资源相当丰富,可供开发的潜力巨大,加之欧洲国家大部分陆地风力资源好的地区,风能已经基本得到开发。     

维特瓦特斯兰德矿区金矿床成因的风成观点

本文通过模拟维持瓦特斯兰德矿区风力活动直接特征形过程的实验，简要说明了维特瓦特斯兰德矿区金矿成因的风成观点。     

福建漳浦海岸沙丘粒度参数记录的环境演变

我国东南沿海广泛分布的海岸沙丘是海岸带环境演变的产物。该文对福建东南漳浦古雷海岸沙丘剖面(GL)进行了年代学、粒度参数和成因判别分析,在此基础上提取了对冬季风强度变化敏感的粒级组分,同时综合历史文献气候记录和泥炭地质记录分析,初步确定了研究区近1 300年以来海岸沙丘记录的冬季风环境演变信息,大致可划分为3个阶段:680-1100AD,海岸带冬季风强度总体较弱,后期表现为增强趋势,反映风暴潮活动频繁、气候温暖的海岸环境;1100-1700AD,海岸带冬季风强度波动增强,反映风沙活动强烈、较寒冷的海岸气候环境;1700AD至今,冬季风强度波动减弱,反映海岸气候环境在波动中回暖、风暴潮活动趋于增强。     

2000年华北沙尘天气遥感研究

利用最新的气象卫星数据分析影响华北的沙尘天气从产生到消失的动力过程,确定了沙尘天气发生的范围和移动方向。并利用TM、NOAA、FY－1影像,时间跨度为30年的沙尘暴空间分布数据,1951－1994年华北地区的气象站点数据,土壤质地和土地利用数据,对沙尘天气发生的下垫面因素与沙尘天气发生的空间分布关系进行了分析,指出植被指数、土壤质地、土壤含水量和地形对沙尘天气发生的影响方式,并对沙尘天气发生区域的土壤侵蚀状况进行了分析,探讨了影响华北地区沙尘天气的供沙区分布状况和不同路径沙尘暴的源地分布,结果表明下垫面因素对于沙尘天气的产生有着非常重要的作用。