Local Meteorological and Synoptic Characteristics of Fogs Formed over Incheon International Airport in the West Coast of Korea

Fogs observed over Incheon international airport (IIA) in the west coast of Korea from January 2002 to August 2006 are classified into categories of coastal fog, cold sea fog, and warm sea fog based on the areal extent of the fogs and the difference between the air temperature (T) and the SST, i.e., cold sea fog if TSST = T-SST>0^oC and warm sea fog if TSST <0^oC. The numbers of coastal, cold, and warm sea fog cases are 64, 26, and 9. Coastal fogs form most frequently in winter, while cold sea fogs occur mostly in summer and warm sea fogs are observed from January to May but not in November and December. On average the air gets colder by 1.6^oC during the three hours leading up to the coastal fog formation, and an additional cooling of 1.1^oC occurs during the fog. The change in the dew point temperature (T_d) is minimal except during the fog (0.6^oC). Decreases in T for the cold and warm sea fogs are relatively smaller. The average T_d is higher than SST during the cold sea fog periods but this T_d is more than 4^oC higher than that for the corresponding non-fog days, suggesting that cold sea fogs be formed by the cooling of already humid air (i.e., T_d>SST). Increases of T_d are significant during the warm sea fog periods (1.4^oC), implying that efficient moisture supply is essential to warm sea fog formation. Four major synoptic patterns are identified in association with the observed fogs. The most frequent is a north Pacific high that accounts for 38% of cases. Surface or upper inversions are present in 77%, 69%, and 81% of the fog periods for coastal, cold, and warm sea fogs, respectively.     

Surface and upper-level features associated with wintertime cold surge outbreaks in South Korea

The surface and upper-level features associated with a sharp drop of wintertime daily temperature over South Korea is investigated in this study. This sharp drop in daily temperature is called a cold surge and is one of the most hazardous weather phenomena in East Asian winters. An upper-level baroclinic wave of 60°wavelength propagating eastward at a phase speed of 12°longitude per day across the continent of northern China from the west of Lake Baikal toward the eastern coast of China causes the outbreak of cold air over South Korea. The cooling associated with the upper-level baroclinic wave is found at all altitudes under the geopotential height-fall center near the tropopause. The development in the ridge seems to derive the early evolution of the eastward-propagating sinusoidal wave, whereas the trough is connected directly with the tropospheric temperature-drop. An enhancement of the wintertime East Asian jet stream after the outbreak of a cold surge is a response to the steep temperature gradient associated with the developing baroclinic wave.     

首尔设计之都发展道路及其战略研究

韩国首尔拥有2000多年历史,建都600余年。在历经"汉江奇迹"、"IT奇迹"、"设计奇迹"的发展过程中,推出一系列鼓励设计的城市政策,提升城市设计标准,推进设计教育实践,以先进的IT产业以及基础设施建设为驱动,大力发展设计产业,逐步奠定了其在世界设计领域的独特地位,是一个具有典型性的设计之都案例。本文通过分析韩国首尔发展的战略研究,探讨其推进设计之都建设的实践和经验。     

黄河、长江与韩国Keum、Yeongsan江沉积物常量元素地球化学特征

运用同样的样品采集和测试方法比较分析了我国的长江和黄河以及韩国的Keum和Yeongsan江的常量元素地球化学特征。韩国河流沉积物中Ca及碳酸盐含量显著低于长江和黄河,而其他元素含量则在二者之间;黄河沉积物以总无机碳(TIC)、Na和Ca含量高为特征,而长江沉积物则显著富集Ti和P。Keum和Yeongsan江沉积物中P、Ca、Fe和Mg在酸溶相中比例可达30％～66％,而K、Al和Ti则富集在残渣相中。韩国河流沉积物极低的Ca含量同流域缺乏碳酸盐源岩密切相关,其沉积物主要由侏罗一晚白垩纪的花岗岩经过中等程度的化学风化而成。虽然Ca在中韩河流沉积物之间含量差异显著,但必须谨慎运用全钙含量来识别海区物源。而沉积物中非碳酸盐态钙(Ca^*)及相应的K／Ca^*和Al／Ca^*比更适合用来示踪黄河及Keum和Yeongsan江沉积物;Ti则可以用来区分长江与其他河流沉积物。     

第二届中韩黄海及邻域地质与地球物理场特征研讨会简评

由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所和韩国公州大学联合承办的第2届中韩黄海及邻域地质与地球物理场特征研讨会于2004年9月15—16日在中国北京圆山大酒店举行．约30名中外代表(其中韩方代表9人)共聚一堂,对黄海及邻域地质与地球物理场特征进行了多方面的探讨,会议气氛热烈友好,取得了共识。     

关于东亚夏季风变化及其成因的最近研究进展

东亚夏季风变化是中国、日本和韩国的重要研究课题。回顾了关于东亚季风(尤其是东亚夏季风)的季节内变化、年际和年代际变化及其这些变化成因的最近研究进展,特别是系统地回顾了厄尔尼诺、南方涛动(ENSO)循环、西太平洋暖池、青藏高原和陆面过程对东亚夏季风的季节内变化、年际和年代际变化的作用。     

韩国的地震监测与研究概况

１９９６年１月２８日－２月６日中国地震代表团一行１３人次首次访问韩国并参加第一届中韩数字地震学研讨会。文章概要介绍了韩国的地震预测、地震目录研究、地震活动性研究、地震监测与研究计划。     

伴随韩国雨季开始和结束早晚的关联场分析

分析了与韩国雨季开始和结束的年际变化相关联的一些要素场发生的变化。分别对雨季开始和结束早晚的个例进行了合成分析。６月月平均资料用来分析与雨季开始早晚相关联的要素场变化，而在分析与雨季结束早晚相关联的要素场变化时则利用７月月平均资料。结果表明，对应雨季开始（或结束）早晚，大气环流和表面温度等要素不仅在东亚地区、而且在远离东亚的地方具有显著的差异。在东亚地区的显著差异主要是高空急流和西太平佯副热带高压。远离东亚的显著差异主要是印度季风和ＥＮＳＯ现象。印度季风与韩国雨季开始和结束均有关联，但ＥＮＳＯ现象只与雨季开始显著相关、而与结束并没有显著的关联。     

浅谈韩国的溶洞保护与开发—— 以三陟市新基面大耳里地区幻仙洞为例

韩国的溶洞开发虽然起步较晚，但其对溶洞的保护却有许多值得学习和借鉴之处，本文以幻仙洞为例介绍了韩国的溶洞开发现状、管理问题、相关法律法规及保护措施，并提出了作者的建议。