沉积物源区剥露历史分析的一种新途径——碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学

介绍了碎屑颗粒锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄法的基本原理、应用前提及方法学。碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径颗粒年龄地的核心是通过逐一测定计算单颗粒裂变径变年龄,然后将获得的一批单颗粒年龄进行高斯拟合或二英式拟合,获取其最佳的颗粒年龄分布,从而反演样品的不同源区的热历史。碎屑锆石和磷灰石因其在风化剥蚀搬运过程中具有较高的化学和物理稳定性而成为目前进行颗粒裂变径迹年龄分析中最常用的矿物类型,特别是碎屑锆石的裂变迹密度大,单颗粒的裂变径迹具有可定年的统计意义,从而成为颗粒裂变径迹测年方法的首选矿物。     

露和植物吐水的区分与鉴别

通过对露和植物吐水的各自成因进行分析,提出两者区分与鉴别的方法.     

Humidity Effect and Its Influence on the Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation δ18O in Monsoon Regions

The humidity effect, namely the markedly positive correlation between the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation and the dew-point deficit △Td in the atmosphere, is put forward firstly and the relationships between the δ18O in precipitation and △Td are analyzed for the Urumqi and Kunming stations, which have completely different climatic characteristics. Although the seasonal variations in δ18O and △Td exhibit differences between the two stations, their humidity effect is notable. The correlation coefficient and its confidence level of the humidity effect are higher than those of the amount effect at Kunming, showing the marked influence of the humidity conditions in the atmosphere on stable isotopes in precipitation.Using a kinetic model for stable isotopic fractionation, and according to the seasonal distribution of meanmonthly temperature at 500 hPa at Kunming, the variations of the δ18O in condensate in cloud aresimulated. A very good agreement between the seasonal variations of the simulated mean δ18O and themean monthly temperature at 500 hPa is obtained, showing that the oxygen stable isotope in condensateof cloud experiences a temperature effect. Such a result is markedly different from the amount effect atthe ground. Based on the simulations of seasonal variations of δ18O in falling raindrops, it can be foundthat, in the dry season from November to April, the increasing trend with falling distance of δ18O in fallingraindrops corresponds remarkably to the great ATd, showing a strong evaporation enrichment function infalling raindrops; however, in the wet season from May to October, the δ18O in falling raindrops displaysan unapparent increase corresponding to the small ATd, except in May. By comparing the simulated meanδ18O at the ground with the actual monthly δ18O in precipitation, we see distinctly that the two monthlyδ18O variations agree very well. On average, the δ18O values are relatively lower because of the highlymoist air, heavy rainfall, small △Td and weak evaporation enrichment function of stable isotopes in thefalling raindrops, under the influence of vapor from the oceans; but they are relatively higher because of the dry air, light rainfall, great △Td and strong evaporation enrichment function in falling raindrops, under the control of the continental air mass. Therefore, the δ18O in precipitation at Kunming can be used to indicate the humidity situation in the atmosphere to a certain degree, and thus indicate the intensity of the precipitation and the strength of the monsoon indirectly. The humidity effect changes not only the magnitude of the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation but also its seasonal distribution due to its influence on the strength of the evaporation enrichment of stable isotopes in falling raindrops and the direction of the net mass transfer of stable isotopes between the atmosphere and the raindrops. Consequently, it is inferred that the humidity effect is probably one of the foremost causes generating the amount effect.     

天山乌-库公路剖面中、新生代埋藏、隆升及剥露史研究

为了解天山中新生代再造山过程的历史演化,沿横穿天山的乌鲁木齐—库尔勒公路采集了沉积岩、变质岩、花岗岩等7个样品,用作天山山体隆升和热历史演化研究.通过对样品中磷灰石裂变径迹的测年,获得7个样品的裂变径迹中心年龄,范围为(78.0±4.5)~(31.8±2.5)Ma;继之,在计算机上对磷灰石裂变径迹测定数据进行了热历史模拟,获得了隆升-冷却演化过程的新认识.裂变径迹的年龄数据和热模拟结果表明:天山造山带的中、新生代造山活动并非是整体统一抬升的过程.表现为中新世之前山体北侧先隆升、南侧后隆升的演化规律,山体隆升从北向南逐渐推进.到中新世晚期,才表现为整体抬升过程.通过磷灰石-锆石矿物对计算以及热模拟的结果,获得了各隆升阶段的视隆升速率,发现自晚白垩世晚期以来,视隆升速率有逐渐增加的趋势.     

青藏高原东南缘新生代剥露历史及驱动机制探讨:以临沧花岗岩地区为例

青藏高原东南缘作为青藏高原的一个重要组成部分,新生代期间经历了显著的构造隆升、断裂活动、气候变化和河流系统的重组,这些过程均伴随着岩石的快速剥露,是当今地学研究的热点地区之一.然而,目前关于东南缘新生代期间的剥露过程及驱动机制仍存在较大争议.为此,选取青藏高原东南缘临沧花岗岩地区为研究对象,采用低温热年代学定年以及热历史模拟方法,系统分析了临沧花岗岩地区新生代期间的剥露过程并探讨了临沧花岗岩岩体快速冷却的驱动机制.认为临沧地区新生代以来经历了3期快速剥露事件,分别为晚始新世、渐新世以及中中新世.综合分析区域气候及地质数据,认为前2期事件是构造隆升所驱动,而后期则归因于亚洲季风的强降水作用.     

吕梁山脉中北段元古代花岗岩体隆升演化的裂变径迹证据

研究区位处华北克拉通中部造山带,在中-新生代经历了多次构造体制与区域构造属性的重大转变。对吕梁山脉中北段古元古代花岗岩体隆升剥露的定量化研究,可以更加整体、直观的认识中部构造带内基底岩石隆升剥露作用,有助于了解华北克拉通演化过程。同时能为周围能源型盆地的形成演化提供佐证,深化对盆地资源赋存条件的认识,从而为资源的开发提供基础证据。通过对研究区古元古代花岗岩体系统的裂变径迹热年代学采样分析,揭示了基底岩石初始隆升剥露作用发生在晚白垩世至新生代早期,主要有两个阶段:白垩世晚期约88~77Ma和新生代早期约65~53Ma。之后,样品处在磷灰石退火带之上,虽有短暂的再次埋藏,但总体一直处在抬升剥露作用下。磷灰石裂变径迹数据和热史模拟表明,不同岩体抬升剥蚀在时空上具有非均衡性,晚白垩世早期,中部关帝山岩体呈穹隆状隆升剥蚀。北部芦芽山岩体和云中山岩体晚白垩世遭受挤压,发生隆褶变形。新生代以来,岩体加速隆升,早期(65~53Ma)是岩体抬升-剥露速率出现转折的关键时期,与东西两侧相邻断陷的发育具成因上的耦合联系,在华北地块中部地区具有区域响应,并可能奠定了现今吕梁山脉中北段的地势发展格局。     

海南岛北部晚中-新生代剥露过程的低温年代学约束

【目的】研究海南岛大地构造在中-新生代的隆升剥露过程与热演化史,为华南地块的构造演化提供有力证据。【方法】利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)、磷灰石及锆石(U-Th)/He等构造热年代学研究方法,重建海南岛北部岩体的构造-热演化历史,分析侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的冷却剥蚀速率,并进一步探讨岩体隆升过程的动力学过程。【结果】AFT年龄介于(33.3±2.5)~(45.0±3.5)Ma之间,磷灰石平均长度为(12.68±0.28)~(13.04±0.9)μm;磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)单颗粒年龄(36.3±2.2)~(60.2±3.7)Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe)单颗粒年龄为(79.5±4.9)~(98.4±6.1)Ma及(37.1±2.3)~(59.6±3.7)Ma。联合反演热史揭示,研究区岩体自晚白垩世(约100 Ma)以来的冷却过程有明显的差异性,可分为4个阶段:1)约100~45 Ma相对缓慢冷却阶段;2)约45~35 Ma快速冷却剥蚀阶段;3)约30~35 Ma至10 Ma缓慢冷却过程;4)约10 Ma以来再次快速冷却剥露。【结论】海南岛北部花岗岩体阶段性抬升冷却与(古)太平洋板块的俯冲后撤、西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和中新世晚期菲律宾海板块向西俯冲挤压有关。海南岛北部在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(始新世晚期)剥蚀阶段基本造成总剥蚀量的2/3。     

相山铀矿田成矿后隆升剥露的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

相山铀矿田现今的地貌以典型的低山侵蚀区为特征,侵蚀区的分布规律清楚地表明相山矿田目前仍处于地表侵蚀阶段。7个碎斑熔岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为（78.7±7.1）～（34.5±4.1）Ma,高程加权平均年龄61.1Ma,碎斑熔岩在140.3～61.1Ma间,冷却速率7.6℃/Ma;从61.1Ma至现代,冷却速率为1.2℃/Ma,隆升速率为54m/Ma,即新生代以来相山矿田剥蚀了的厚度约3.3km。     

低温热年代对黄陵隆起中新生代古地形的约束

低温热年代技术已经广泛应用于造山带的剥露作用和古地形演化的研究。本文对黄陵隆起进行了裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He热年代学研究,分析计算其隆升剥露速率和厚度,恢复黄陵隆起中新生代古地形。依据岩石样品冷却历史计算出的剥露速率以及剥露厚度结果,综合黄陵隆起现今地形起伏,均衡回弹作用以及古海平面变化情况,获得了黄陵隆起早侏罗世、早白垩世、晚白垩世、晚始新世以及现今5个时期的古地形变化情况。结果表明黄陵隆起地形表现为持续降低的趋势,并存在两期剧烈的隆升剥露阶段。分析认为,白垩纪(140~80 Ma±),黄陵隆起的快速隆升剥露作用与秦岭大别造山带大规模的挤压作用密切相关,晚始新世以来(40~0 Ma)黄陵隆起的快速抬升剥露作用则是对喜山期构造运动的响应。