露和植物吐水的区分与鉴别

通过对露和植物吐水的各自成因进行分析,提出两者区分与鉴别的方法.     

Humidity Effect and Its Influence on the Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation δ18O in Monsoon Regions

The humidity effect, namely the markedly positive correlation between the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation and the dew-point deficit △Td in the atmosphere, is put forward firstly and the relationships between the δ18O in precipitation and △Td are analyzed for the Urumqi and Kunming stations, which have completely different climatic characteristics. Although the seasonal variations in δ18O and △Td exhibit differences between the two stations, their humidity effect is notable. The correlation coefficient and its confidence level of the humidity effect are higher than those of the amount effect at Kunming, showing the marked influence of the humidity conditions in the atmosphere on stable isotopes in precipitation.Using a kinetic model for stable isotopic fractionation, and according to the seasonal distribution of meanmonthly temperature at 500 hPa at Kunming, the variations of the δ18O in condensate in cloud aresimulated. A very good agreement between the seasonal variations of the simulated mean δ18O and themean monthly temperature at 500 hPa is obtained, showing that the oxygen stable isotope in condensateof cloud experiences a temperature effect. Such a result is markedly different from the amount effect atthe ground. Based on the simulations of seasonal variations of δ18O in falling raindrops, it can be foundthat, in the dry season from November to April, the increasing trend with falling distance of δ18O in fallingraindrops corresponds remarkably to the great ATd, showing a strong evaporation enrichment function infalling raindrops; however, in the wet season from May to October, the δ18O in falling raindrops displaysan unapparent increase corresponding to the small ATd, except in May. By comparing the simulated meanδ18O at the ground with the actual monthly δ18O in precipitation, we see distinctly that the two monthlyδ18O variations agree very well. On average, the δ18O values are relatively lower because of the highlymoist air, heavy rainfall, small △Td and weak evaporation enrichment function of stable isotopes in thefalling raindrops, under the influence of vapor from the oceans; but they are relatively higher because of the dry air, light rainfall, great △Td and strong evaporation enrichment function in falling raindrops, under the control of the continental air mass. Therefore, the δ18O in precipitation at Kunming can be used to indicate the humidity situation in the atmosphere to a certain degree, and thus indicate the intensity of the precipitation and the strength of the monsoon indirectly. The humidity effect changes not only the magnitude of the stable isotopic ratio in precipitation but also its seasonal distribution due to its influence on the strength of the evaporation enrichment of stable isotopes in falling raindrops and the direction of the net mass transfer of stable isotopes between the atmosphere and the raindrops. Consequently, it is inferred that the humidity effect is probably one of the foremost causes generating the amount effect.     

吕梁山脉中北段元古代花岗岩体隆升演化的裂变径迹证据

研究区位处华北克拉通中部造山带,在中-新生代经历了多次构造体制与区域构造属性的重大转变。对吕梁山脉中北段古元古代花岗岩体隆升剥露的定量化研究,可以更加整体、直观的认识中部构造带内基底岩石隆升剥露作用,有助于了解华北克拉通演化过程。同时能为周围能源型盆地的形成演化提供佐证,深化对盆地资源赋存条件的认识,从而为资源的开发提供基础证据。通过对研究区古元古代花岗岩体系统的裂变径迹热年代学采样分析,揭示了基底岩石初始隆升剥露作用发生在晚白垩世至新生代早期,主要有两个阶段:白垩世晚期约88~77Ma和新生代早期约65~53Ma。之后,样品处在磷灰石退火带之上,虽有短暂的再次埋藏,但总体一直处在抬升剥露作用下。磷灰石裂变径迹数据和热史模拟表明,不同岩体抬升剥蚀在时空上具有非均衡性,晚白垩世早期,中部关帝山岩体呈穹隆状隆升剥蚀。北部芦芽山岩体和云中山岩体晚白垩世遭受挤压,发生隆褶变形。新生代以来,岩体加速隆升,早期(65~53Ma)是岩体抬升-剥露速率出现转折的关键时期,与东西两侧相邻断陷的发育具成因上的耦合联系,在华北地块中部地区具有区域响应,并可能奠定了现今吕梁山脉中北段的地势发展格局。     

海南岛北部晚中-新生代剥露过程的低温年代学约束

【目的】研究海南岛大地构造在中-新生代的隆升剥露过程与热演化史,为华南地块的构造演化提供有力证据。【方法】利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)、磷灰石及锆石(U-Th)/He等构造热年代学研究方法,重建海南岛北部岩体的构造-热演化历史,分析侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的冷却剥蚀速率,并进一步探讨岩体隆升过程的动力学过程。【结果】AFT年龄介于(33.3±2.5)~(45.0±3.5)Ma之间,磷灰石平均长度为(12.68±0.28)~(13.04±0.9)μm;磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)单颗粒年龄(36.3±2.2)~(60.2±3.7)Ma,锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe)单颗粒年龄为(79.5±4.9)~(98.4±6.1)Ma及(37.1±2.3)~(59.6±3.7)Ma。联合反演热史揭示,研究区岩体自晚白垩世(约100 Ma)以来的冷却过程有明显的差异性,可分为4个阶段:1)约100~45 Ma相对缓慢冷却阶段;2)约45~35 Ma快速冷却剥蚀阶段;3)约30~35 Ma至10 Ma缓慢冷却过程;4)约10 Ma以来再次快速冷却剥露。【结论】海南岛北部花岗岩体阶段性抬升冷却与(古)太平洋板块的俯冲后撤、西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和中新世晚期菲律宾海板块向西俯冲挤压有关。海南岛北部在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(始新世晚期)剥蚀阶段基本造成总剥蚀量的2/3。     

相山铀矿田成矿后隆升剥露的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

相山铀矿田现今的地貌以典型的低山侵蚀区为特征,侵蚀区的分布规律清楚地表明相山矿田目前仍处于地表侵蚀阶段。7个碎斑熔岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为（78.7±7.1）～（34.5±4.1）Ma,高程加权平均年龄61.1Ma,碎斑熔岩在140.3～61.1Ma间,冷却速率7.6℃/Ma;从61.1Ma至现代,冷却速率为1.2℃/Ma,隆升速率为54m/Ma,即新生代以来相山矿田剥蚀了的厚度约3.3km。     

东天山地区中—新生代隆升-剥露过程:来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

前人已经对西天山及邻区以及阿尔金断裂带进行了大量中—新生代隆升-剥露的研究工作,但对东天山地区的研究工作很少。天山造山带中—新生代期间的隆升-剥露过程是否具有均一性,目前仍没有确切的认识。为了获得东天山地区中生代以来的隆升-剥露信息,对吐哈盆地东南缘雅满苏地区磷灰石裂变径迹进行了研究。研究表明,在不同构造位置采集的花岗岩、砂岩、火山岩样品年龄集中分布在81~53Ma,样品年龄记录了东天山地区晚白垩世—古新世发生的冷却事件。磷灰石裂变径迹平均长度为13.60~14.36μm,接近于磷灰石初始径迹长度约14.5μm,表明径迹形成后没有发生过明显的退火作用。根据地温梯度计算得到东天山晚白垩世以来的平均隆升速率约为4.31×10-2 mm/a。进一步的热史模拟表明,晚白垩世—古新世(80~50Ma)期间东天山地区经历了一次隆升-剥露事件;始新世以后(50 Ma),东天山地区地壳处于稳定状态,东天山隆起带现在的构造面貌基本继承了中生代的特征。     

干露胁迫对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)HSP70和ferritin基因表达的影响

采用常规急性实验方法,研究了不同干露胁迫条件对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)成活率的影响。结果表明,保持虾体湿润并用冰块降温的P组干露胁迫12h后成活率为75%,显著高于其它各实验组(P<0.05)。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法研究了不同干露胁迫条件对脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和ferritin基因表达的影响。干露胁迫能诱导脊尾白虾血细胞、肝胰腺HSP70基因的表达上调,肝胰腺中的高表达时间相对血细胞中出现的较早;干露胁迫能诱导湿润低温P组脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺ferritin基因的表达上调,并显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而且各组织ferritin基因表达的上调时间具有差异性,血细胞最先上调。其余实验组脊尾白虾各组织ferritin基因表达均下调,并显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在脊尾白虾受干露胁迫的耐受范围内,HSP70和ferritin基因发挥抗氧化功能。     

沉积物源区剥露历史分析的一种新途径——碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学

介绍了碎屑颗粒锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄法的基本原理、应用前提及方法学。碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径颗粒年龄地的核心是通过逐一测定计算单颗粒裂变径变年龄,然后将获得的一批单颗粒年龄进行高斯拟合或二英式拟合,获取其最佳的颗粒年龄分布,从而反演样品的不同源区的热历史。碎屑锆石和磷灰石因其在风化剥蚀搬运过程中具有较高的化学和物理稳定性而成为目前进行颗粒裂变径迹年龄分析中最常用的矿物类型,特别是碎屑锆石的裂变迹密度大,单颗粒的裂变径迹具有可定年的统计意义,从而成为颗粒裂变径迹测年方法的首选矿物。     

利用低温热年代学数据计算造山带剥露速率

利用低温热年代学数据计算造山带剥露速率时需要考虑热流、地形、放射性物质的生热等因素,因此近20年来发展起诸多计算方法,包括矿物对法、年龄高程法、Turcotte法、Stüwe法、Mancktelow法、谱分析法、有限元三维模拟等。其中,当地温场处于稳态时,对于钻井或垂直剖面连续采样可采用年龄高程法,对于二维有周期性地形可采用Turcotte法、Stüwe法、Mancktelow法,对于二维非周期性地形可采用谱分析法,有限元三维模拟适合于求取区域剥露速率。