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71.
72.
着重阐述了近10年来,为推动陆地表层研究深入发展,国家自然科学基金在重点发展领域、重大研究计划、重大项目、申请代码及学科分类体系细化等层面对资助方向的引导作用。 相似文献
73.
中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力时空特征模拟 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
In this paper,we use CEVSA,a process-based model,which has been validated on regional and global scales,to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and its responses to interannual Climate fluctuations in China‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s terrestrial ecosystems over the period 1981-1998,The estimated results suggest that ,in this study period,the averaged annual total NPP is about 3.09 Gt C/yr^-1 and average NPP is about 342 g C/m^2,The results also showed that the precipitaion was the key factor determining the spsatial distribution and temporal trends of NPP. Temporally,the total NPP exhibited a slowly increasing trend.In some ENSO years( e.g.1982,1986,1997)NPP decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is complex due to the integrated effects of monsoons and regional differentiation. Spatially,the relatively high NPP occurred at the middle high latitudes,the low latitudes and the lower appeared at the middle latitudes,On national scale,precipitaion is the key conntro factor on NPP variations and there exists a weak correlation between NP and temperature ,but regional responses are greatly different. 相似文献
74.
广东沿海陆地地质环境质量定量评价研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
广东沿海陆地不仅是我国经济较为发达的地区 ,而且也是地震、水土流失、崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝、地面沉降、岩溶塌陷、软土地基形变等地质灾害较为频发的地区。基于对广东沿海陆地主要物理地质灾害形成条件与影响因素调查、统计与分析 ,将广东沿海陆地地质环境质量划分 :构造稳定性、斜坡稳定性和地基稳定性三个质量层面 ,进而构造了隶属三个层面的指标体系 ,该指标体系包括活动断裂、地震活动、地形起伏度、斜坡坡地、冲沟切割密度、水土流失程度、崩滑面密度、土体承载力和地裂缝面密度 9个指标。基于地质环境质量五值逻辑等级取值 :优等、良好、中等、较差和差等 ,对评价指标进行了相应地量化分级取值和标准化处理 ,在建立指标专家权重体系和线性隶属函数的基础上 ,构造了模糊数学综合评价模型。基于 Fortran程序对 190个剖分单元指标数据进行了模型运算 ,将广东沿海陆地地质环境划分为五个质量级共 17个地质环境质量单元。 相似文献
76.
基于地表能量平衡与SCS模型的祁连山水源涵养能力研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于区域水量平衡,利用地表能量平衡的原理计算陆地实际蒸散发量,采用SCS模型计算地表径流量,提出了一种定量评估区域水源涵养量的实用方法。利用该方法和GIS软件平台,结合1982-2003年遥感数据和对祁连山水源涵养重要区水源涵养能力强弱的空间分布及其变化规律进行了计算和分析。结果表明:(1)祁连山山地水源涵养重要区内水源涵养能力最强的区域为中部和东南部地区,而西部地区涵养水源的能力相对较弱;(2)祁连山山地水源涵养重要区内中部和靠东南部的水源涵养能力减弱比较明显,特别是以门源回族自治县为中心,形成了水源涵养能力持续减弱带。 相似文献
77.
78.
Estimation of Land Surface Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau Using AVHRR and MODIS Data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Estimation of large-scale land surface temperature from satellite images is of great importance for the study of climate change. This is especially true for the most challenging areas, such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this paper, two split window algorithms (SWAs), one for the NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolu-tion Radiometer (AVHRR), and the other for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), were applied to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) over the TP simultaneously. AVHRR and M... 相似文献
79.
Evaluating the Dependence of Vegetation on Climate in an Improved Dynamic Global Vegetation Model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZENG Xiaodong 《大气科学进展》2010,27(5):977-991
The capability of an improved Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) in reproducing the impact of climate on the terrestrial ecosystem is evaluated. The new model incorporates the Community Land ModelDGVM (CLM3.0-DGVM) with a submodel for temperate and boreal shrubs, as well as other revisions such as the two-leaf scheme for photosynthesis and the definition of fractional coverage of plant functional types (PFTs). Results show that the revised model may correctly reproduce the global distribution of tempera... 相似文献
80.
Earth System Models (ESMs) are fundamental tools for understanding climate-carbon feedback. An ESM version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (FGOALS) was recently developed within the IPCC AR5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) modeling framework, and we describe the development of this model through the coupling of a dynamic global vegetation and terrestrial carbon model with FGOALS-s2. The performance of the coupled model is evaluated as follows. The simulated global total terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is 124.4 PgC yr-I and net pri- mary production (NPP) is 50.9 PgC yr-1. The entire terrestrial carbon pools contain about 2009.9 PgC, comprising 628.2 PgC and 1381.6 PgC in vegetation and soil pools, respectively. Spatially, in the tropics, the seasonal cycle of NPP and net ecosystem production (NEP) exhibits a dipole mode across the equator due to migration of the monsoon rainbelt, while the seasonal cycle is not so significant in Leaf Area Index (LAI). In the subtropics, especially in the East Asian monsoon region, the seasonal cycle is obvious due to changes in temperature and precipitation from boreal winter to summer. Vegetation productivity in the northern mid-high latitudes is too low, possibly due to low soil moisture there. On the interannual timescale, the terrestrial ecosystem shows a strong response to ENSO. The model- simulated Nifio3.4 index and total terrestrial NEP are both characterized by a broad spectral peak in the range of 2-7 years. Further analysis indicates their correlation coefficient reaches -0.7 when NEP lags the Nifio3.4 index for about 1-2 months. 相似文献