地理国情普查的对象和内容

正普查对象:我国陆地国土范围内的地表自然和人文地理要素。普查内容:一是自然地理要素的基本情况,包括地形地貌、植被覆盖、水域、荒漠与裸露地等的类别、位置、范围、面积等,掌握其空间分布状况;二是人文地理要素的基本情况,包括与人类活动密切相关的交通网络、居民     

渤海沿岸固定冰粗糙特征的实测研究

The surface roughness characteristics(e.g., height and slope) of sea ice are critical for determining the parameters of an electromagnetic scattering, a surface emission and a surface drag coefficients. It is also important in identifying various ice types, retrieval ice thickness, surface temperature and drag coefficients from remote sensing data. The point clouds(a set of points which are usually defined by X, Y, and Z coordinates that represents the external surface of an object on earth) of land fast ice in five in situ sites in the eastern coast Bohai Sea were measured using a laser scanner-Trimble GX during 2011–2012 winter season. Two hundred and fifty profiles selected from the point clouds of different samples have been used to calculate the height root mean square, height skewness, height kurtosis, slope root mean square, slope skewness and slope kurtosis of them. The root mean square of the height, the root mean square of the slope and the correlation length are about 0.090, 0.075 and 11.74 m, respectively. The heights of 150 profiles in three sites manifest the Gaussian distribution and the slopes of total 250 profiles distributed exponentially. In addition, the fractal dimension and power spectral density profiles were calculated. The results show that the fractal dimension of land fast ice in the Bohai Sea is about 1.132. The power spectral densities of 250 profiles can be expressed through an exponential autocorrelation function.     

地理过程类问题的考查角度及应对策略

正地理过程是指地理事物和现象发生、发展、演变的过程,强调陆地表层系统地理事物和现象随时间变化的特征,主要包括地理事物的时间演变、结构演变和数量演变。学习地理,重在掌握基本的地理过程和模式。《全日制普通高中地理课程标准》非常重视地理过程的学习,明确提出:"学会独立或合作进行地理观测、地     

地学书签

正碳信用碳信用:又称碳权,指在经过联合国或联合国认可的减排组织认证的条件下,国家或企业以增加能源使用效率、减少污染或减少开发等方式减少碳排放.因此得到可以进入碳交易市场的碳排放计量单位。湿地的生产力高效性湿地生态系统同其它任何生态系统相比.初级生产力较高。据报道,湿地生态系统每年平均生产蛋白质9gm~2,是陆地生态系统的3.5倍。     

生态系统响应全球变化的陆地样带研究

为从机理上理解、评估和预测陆地生态系统对全球变化的响应,国际地圈生物圈计划在全球共启动了15条全球变化陆地样带,其中2条在中国,即中国东北样带和中国东部南北样带。从植物碳氮代谢、生物多样性、生态系统功能与碳收支及样带生态系统的变化趋势等方面较系统地总结了围绕中国这2条全球变化陆地样带的最新研究进展,加深了全球变化与陆地生态系统相互作用过程与机制的理解,提出未来中国全球变化陆地样带研究应充分利用我国特殊的生态与环境及区域特色,重点针对陆地生态系统对全球变化的适应性、地球系统相互作用的生物—物理—化学—社会过程与管理、土地利用变化的动力学过程与机制、灾害性天气气候的生态效应及其调控机制和全球变化模拟预警系统开展研究,做出一些在国际上既有显示度又服务于我国社会经济可持续发展的研究成果。     

本期文章导读

571土壤溶解性有机质对植物吸收-输送-贮存重金属的影响研究现状与进展沈亚婷土壤溶解性有机质是陆地生态系统中最活跃的有机质存在形式之一,它影响着土壤重金属元素在土壤中的     

省级中心镇——杜桥镇

临海市杜桥镇位于浙江沿海中部,台州湾北岸,全镇陆地面积186平方公里。建成区面积13．6平方公里。户籍人口20．7万。2010年,全镇实现工农业总产值157．65亿元,     

Combining LPJ-GUESS and HASM to simulate the spatial distribution of forest vegetation carbon stock in China简

It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling （HASM）, proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country＇s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value （1975-1995）, it mani- fests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this re- search show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a signifi- cant carbon sink.     

积极盘活存量土地促进节约和集约用地

台州市濒临东海,陆地面积9411平方公里,人口550余万.2004年全市GDP1173.79亿元,财政收入126.67亿元.台州人多地少,耕地资源十分短缺,2004年末全市耕地面积294.78万亩,人均耕地不到0.4亩;基本农田264.31万亩,其中易地代保2.71万亩,农保率达到90%.台州近几年工业化和城市化建设势头迅猛,市区现有城市面积113平方公里,城市化水平达到32.8%,比1995年提高了8.8个百分点,城市化建设对土地的要求呈几何级数增长.台州今后可用于建设的空间只有11万亩,加上一般农田(可以逐步调整为建设用地)还有近26万亩,理论匡算上的建设可用空间仅仅37万亩,如果按照2003年以前的用地速度,不到6年就要用完.另一方面,台州土地利用还比较粗放,1999-2003年台州GDP年均增长12.38%,而建设用地量年均增长33.24%.台州2001年每平方公里固定资产投资额0.66亿元,居全省第十位.工业园区(开发区)平均投资强度为每亩30-40万元,有的县、乡镇搞的园区甚至不到10万元.2002年台州工业园区(开发区)GDP产出率平均为1 0.6万元/亩,低于全省平均水平.我市土地产出水平与发达地区相比差距还相当大,但也意味着存量土地利用大有潜力可挖.国务院28号文件出台后,我市国土资源部门深入贯彻国务院<决定>精神,从我市实际出发,把土地利用工作的重点转移到盘活存量建设用地上来.我们的主要做法如下: