长江河口潮波传播机制及阈值效应分析

河口潮波传播过程受沿程地形(如河宽辐聚、水深变化)及上游径流等诸多因素影响,时空变化复杂。径潮动力非线性相互作用研究有利于揭示河口潮波传播的动力学机制,对河口区水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文基于2007—2009年长江河口沿程天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山、芜湖的逐日高、低潮位数据及大通站日均流量数据,统计分析不同河段潮波衰减率与余水位坡度随流量的变化特征,结果表明潮波衰减率绝对值与余水位坡度随流量增大并不是单调递增,而是存在一个阈值流量和区域,对应潮波衰减效应的极大值。为揭示这一阈值现象,采用一维水动力解析模型对研究河段的潮波传播过程进行模拟。结果表明,潮波传播的阈值现象主要是由于洪季上游回水作用随流量加强,余水位及水深增大,导致河口辐聚程度减小,而余水位坡度为适应河口形状变化亦有所减小,从而形成相对应的阈值流量和区域。     

Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the intertidal sediment of the Chang jiang River Estuary in China

Spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in the intertidal sediments at Dongtan wetland of the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary were examined by laying one transect running seaward to landward during January, April, June, August and October of 2005. Total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metal concentrations in the intertidal sediment showed an increasing trend from open bare °at to the high marsh, with the maximum concentrations in the high marsh and the minimum values in open bare °at. In contrast, sediment total phosphorus (TP) concentrations changed little among sampling sites. One-way ANOVA found that there were signiˉcantly temporal variations of nutrients and heavy metals concentrations in the intertidal sediment (P <0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals generally showed an increasing trend from January to October. As compared with other large estuaries, heavy metal contamination in the intertidal sediment of the Changjiang River Estuary was relatively low.     

上海市滩涂资源调查中的基准面转换问题研究

有关上海市滩涂资源研究的不同资料中,关于上海市滩涂面积的统计数据存在较大差异。究其原因在于计算滩涂面积时所采用的基准面不同。在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS支持下实现了长江口不同基准面之间的转换并将转换结果用于上海市滩涂面积的计算:选取2000年1:120000比例尺的数字化海图,得到基于理论深度基准面的-5m和-2m等深线以上滩涂面积分别为2722.12km2和1399.28km2;转化到吴淞基面相应的滩涂面积分别为:2351.39km2和1005.73km2。不同计算基准可分别导致13.6%和28.1%的统计误差。     

长江中游城市群空间结构演变历程与特征

城市群空间结构反映了城市群中城市的等级结构、职能结构和联系形态,代表了城市群在一定时间范围内的扩张模式与发展特征.本文选取中国首个获批复的国家级城市群——长江中游城市群作为研究对象,收集其1990-2019年的LULC、Landsat等图像资料以及城镇人口等数据,通过空间数据库构建、方格网系统建立、城镇扩张程度计算、扩...     

DRY-SEASON VARIABILITY IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOUTH PASSAGE OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

This paper reports the results of continuous monitoring of turbidity, water depth, salinity (using an Optical Backscatter Sensor (OBS)), and current velocity (using a Current meter (SLC9-2)) in the South Passage of the Changjiang Estuary over a spring–neap period in February 2003 (dry season). The turbidity measured via OBS was closely correlated with the suspended sediment concentration (SSC), which was highly variable. Over the study period, the SSC in the middle layer ranged from 110 to 1400 mg/l. The minimum SSC occurred during a late ebb tide, and the maximum SSC occurred during a late flood tide. On average, the SSC was 1.5 times higher during flood tide than during ebb tide. Vertically within the water column, SSC increased downward, with the ratio of SSC measured near the bed to that measured at the surface ranging from 1.90 to 18.3. The temporal variability in SSC is jointly governed by tides and wind-induced waves, whereas the vertical variability in SSC is attributed to the effect of gravity and vertical water circulation.     

海上大爆炸——亲历“江亚轮”沉没

"听说共军就要打过来了!""是啊,所以我把上海的房子卖了,打算回宁波老家避避风头。""报纸上不是说长江天险牢不可破,共军肯定没法渡江吗?""内兜瓜七(宁波话,傻瓜)啊,报纸上说的你也信?"拥挤的船舱中,类似的交谈不绝于耳,即使是熟悉的乡音,听多了也让人觉得十分烦躁。这些坐船的大部分人都是和我一样在上海打拼的宁波     

长江三峡地区经济开发条件分析

长江三峡地区区域地理位置重要，区位优势明显，开发意义重大；区内农业、水能、矿产和旅游等优势自然资源丰富，组合配置良好，开发潜力巨大；区域经济开发的交通、能源、出入通道等基础条件已基本具备。     

长江中游地区矿产资源组合特征及其开发利用对策

长江中游地区具有优良的区位条件和资源开发条件。矿产资源丰富，地域组合良好，特别是黑色金属、有色金属、化工和建材资源，在全国均占有重要地位。区内已逐步形成了一批我国及长江流域钢铁、有色、化工和建材等工业的重要原料基地。本文主要分析了区内矿产资源的组合特征及其开发利用现状与问题，并提出了“找矿、节流、扩展、投资、贸易与保矿”等一系列开发对策。     

澜沧江中下游斜坡稳定性评价预测的理论与方法探讨

本文以澜沧江下游流域边坡稳定性评价为实例，对模糊评判模型的应用问题和处理技术进行了论述。认为该模型简便实用、效果稳健、适应性强，是边坡稳定性评价工作中适宜推广的一个实用模型。此外，文中还提出了用于模糊评判模型的信息检验法，讨论了这一方法在遴选有效评价因子和优化模型效能中的作用。