天然土层初始状态与土体压缩性的相关性刍议

通过分析自钻式旁压仪等原位测试手段获取静止侧压力系数偏高现象,揭示了传统理论估算天然土层垂向应力偏小的事实。经历勘探开采的卸荷膨胀,室内实验取得的原状样本重力密度不再等同于地层埋藏条件的初始状态。初始状态不会背离土体压缩性本质,因此以均匀性假设条件认知上覆压力作用下天然土层土体的物理性质并不恰当。本文采取固结压力附加100kPa等技术措施变革压缩实验分析模式,探索构建与压缩和回弹性质及应力历史条件相关的天然土层初始状态数学模型。结合应用实例,提出室内实验观察的回弹指数不足以体现样本的膨胀状况,最小干密度和液限状态的物理意义或是土体原始压缩的最大孔隙特征,以及压缩指数不能圆满诠释土体压缩性原理等见解。     

SBPM试验不同长径比颗粒流细观模拟

自钻式旁压试验(Self-boring pressure-meter)具有对原位土体扰动小,测试深度大,能够得到不同深度处土体的应力-变形曲线,在测定地基土性参数和地基承载力上具有广阔的应用前景。然而受分析手段和研究水平限制,目前对SBPM试验不同长径比(length-to-diameter ratio)测定器加载过程中周围土体的细观变形响应研究较少,而土体参数的确定与其变形机制是密切相关的,基于此,应用PFC3D(Particle Flow Code in Three Dimensions)颗粒流程序对不同长径比L/D(6、10、15、20)下自钻式旁压试验进行了数值模拟,对测定器孔应变一定时,周围土体的位移场和应力场分布变化进行了分析研究。试验结果表明:根据长径比的大小,位移场和径向应力场分布可分为两种形式:当长径比L/D=6时,位移场和应力场分布呈"弧形壁灯笼状",测定器周围土体变形在其高度上不符合平面应变轴对称条件,且L/D=6时的土体应力小于后3值(L/D=10、15、20时);当L/D=10、15、20时,则呈"直壁灯笼状",此时在测定器高度上应力分布比前者均匀,其变形基本符合平面应变轴对称条件。径向应力在测定器附近两侧形成近似成对称分布的数个应力集中区。当测定器径向应变一定时,随着L/D的增大孔壁处土体径向应力逐渐呈负指数减小并趋于稳定。     

某深埋特长隧洞线路比选方案研究

滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞为特长深埋隧洞,起点位于冲江河右岸石鼓镇,终点位于洱海边的长育村,此前已对该段进行东、中、西等多方向的较大范围线路比选[1]。通过已有地质资料进行线路对比,提出了8条比选线路,从各线路长度和形态,存在的主要工程地质问题,隧洞地质、施工条件等进行比较、分析、研究,最终选定中4线为推荐方案。论文简要介绍了隧洞线路选线方案、比选的思路和方法,以期为相关工程的规划设计提供参考。     

新建铁路隧道下穿既有铁路设计方案研究

新建二十里堡隧道下穿既有哈大线路堤工程,受控因素多、风险高。通过对既有线加固原位下穿方案、既有线拨便线明、暗挖三种设计方案进行深入研究、综合比选,最终确定采用风险较低、投资合理、对既有线运营干扰适中的既有哈大线拨便线暗挖方案,可供类似工程参考。     

真空冷冻干燥和烘干对滑带土孔隙特征的影响试验

采用水蒸气吸附法和恒速压汞法测定了三峡库区巴东县黄土坡滑坡Ⅰ号支洞滑带土在真空冷冻干燥和烘干状态下的孔隙特征.研究表明,滑带土烘干样中墨水瓶形孔道内水分子发生凝聚、堵塞,导致其比表面积和吸附水蒸气的能力均小于滑带土冻干样.滑带土烘干样失水收缩,团粒结构更紧密,滑带土吸附势减小,在微孔区间其累积孔隙体积和最大孔隙体积均小于滑带土冻干样.在考虑水蒸气表面张力情况下,滑带土冻干样吸附和脱附的孔隙表面分形维数均大于烘干样,说明烘干样失水后在各种化学键引力作用下使孔隙表面更趋于平滑.压汞实验结果表明在微孔和中孔区间,冻干滑带土的孔隙直径和孔隙体积均大于烘干样,但孔隙直径在0.133~129.051 μm区间,烘干样的孔隙体积大于冻干样,且直径大于41.421 μm的颗粒体积比冻干样大.      

Correlation analysis and partial least square modeling to quantify typical minerals with Chang＇E-3 visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer＇s ground validation data

In 2013, Chang＇E-3 program will develop lunar mineral resources in-situ detection. A Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS） has been selected as one payload of CE-3 lunar rover to achieve this goal. It is critical and urgent to evaluate VNIS＇ spectrum data quality and validate quantification methods for mineral composition before its launch. Ground validation experiment of VNIS was carried out to complete the two goals, by simulating CE-3 lunar rover＇s detection environment on lunar surface in the laboratory. Based on the hyperspectral reflectance data derived, Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Square （CA-PLS） algorithm is applied to predict abundance of four lunar typical minerals （pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite and olivine） in their mixture. We firstly selected a set of VNIS＇ spectral parameters which highly correlated with minerals＇ abundance by correlation analysis （CA）, and then stepwise regression method was used to find out spectral parameters which make the largest contri- butions to the mineral contents. At last, functions were derived to link minerals＇ abundance and spectral parameters by partial least square （PLS） algorithm. Not considering the effect of maturity, agglutinate and Fe~, we found that there are wonderful correlations between these four minerals and VNIS＇ spectral parameters, e.g. the abundance of pyroxene correlates positively with the mixture＇s absorption depth, the value of absorption depth added as the in- creasing of pyroxene＇s abundance. But the abundance of plagioclase correlates negatively with the spectral parame- ters of band ratio, the value of band ratio would decrease when the abundance of plagioclase increased. Similar to plagioclase, the abundance of ilmenite and olivine has a negative correlation with the mixture＇s reflectance data, if the abundance of ilmenite or olivine increase, the reflectance values of the mixture will decrease. Through model validation, better estimates of pyroxene, plagioclase and ilmenite＇s abundances are given. It is concluded that VNIS has the capability to be applied on lunar minerals＇ identification, and CA-PLS algorithm has the potential to be used on lunar surface＇s in-situ detection for minerals＇ abundance prediction.     

A new preparation process of coal-based magnetically activated carbon

Fe/C-based magnetically activated carbon （MAC） was obtained by carbonizing and activating its precursor, that was prepared by co-precipitation of anthracite coal impregnated in ferric chloride solution. The effect of the concentrations of FeC13 and pH of solution on BET surface area, pore volume and magnetic properties of the MAC was studied by BET N2 adsorption and VSM method. The results indicated that the magnetization of MAC gradually increases with increasing concentration of FeC13 and pH value of solution, and BET surface area was inclined to fluctuation. The largest BET surface area and magnetization of MAC were 1327.5 m2/g and 35.56 emu/g, respec- tively. The form of magnetic matter in the magnetically activated carbon was mainly Fe3C by X-ray powder diffrac- tion （XRD） and magnetic attraction test.     

含碎石紫色土坡面降雨入渗和产流产沙过程

在室内土槽模拟降雨试验基础上,观测了具有不同碎石体积含量紫色土的降雨入渗地表产流产沙量以及细沟间径流和细沟径流的流速,以期建立碎石含量与土壤流失的定量关系。研究结果表明:土壤中碎石混合对降雨入渗有正负两方面的影响,当碎石含量为20%~30%时,碎石的存在增强土壤入渗能力,当碎石含量提高到30%时,土壤的入渗能力被削弱。土壤中碎石混合通过不同的作用机制对坡面细沟间径流流速和细沟径流流速产生不同的影响,随着碎石含量的增加,细沟间径流平均流速逐渐增加,细沟径流的平均流速逐渐降低。土壤中碎石混合通过改变土壤的物质组成和结构,增强土壤的抗蚀性和抗冲性,随着碎石含量的增加,径流含沙率和土壤流失量显著降低,土壤流失比与碎石含量呈极显著指数负相关关系。     

偏最小二乘回归在系统形变分析中的应用

系统形变往往由很多主导因素引起,且各主导因素之间并不独立。以国土利用变化驱动分析为例,运用偏最小二乘回归方法建立变化的驱动机制模型,并和主成分回归法相比较。结果表明,偏最小二乘回归不仅在拟合效果上优于主成分回归,系统性更强,结论更可靠,而且偏最小二乘模型的回归系数更易于解释,提供的系统信息也更丰富。偏最小二乘为样本个数少、自变量多、且变量间存在多重共线性的复杂大系统形变分析提供了新的、有效的解决途径。     

O2O与LBS结合 玩转不同行业

由于信息不对称而带来的服务供给和需求在生活中的不匹配比比皆是。