Experimental study on the distribution of velocity and pressure near a submarine pipeline

As a transport means of oil and gas the submarine pipeline has many merits, such as continuous delivery, large conveying capacity, convenient management, etc. A tube was chosen in our study to simulate the submarine pipeline in the experiments. A high accuracy instrument ADV and high precision point-type pressure sensors were used to measure the parameters of the flow field, including the pressure distribution, velocities at seven cross sections near the submarine pipeline with five different clearance ratios, and twelve dynamic pressure values around the pipeline. The pressure distributions and velocity changes around the pipe under different flow velocities and clearance ratios were analyzed. These results might be useful for further study of submarine pipeline erosion and protection.     

Principle of Cross Coupling Between Vertical Heat Turbulent Transport and Vertical Velocity and Determination of Cross Coupling Coefficient

It has been proved that there exists a cross coupling between vertical heat turbulent transport and vertical velocity by using linear thermodynamics. This result asserts that the vertical component of heat turbulent transport flux is composed of both the transport of the vertical potential temperature gradient and the coupling transport of the vertical velocity. In this paper, the coupling effect of vertical velocity on vertical heat turbulent transportation is validated by using observed data from the atmospheric boundary layer to determine cross coupling coefficients, and a series of significant properties of turbulent transportation are opened out. These properties indicate that the cross coupling coefficient is a logarithm function of the dimensionless vertical velocity and dimensionless height, and is not only related to the friction velocity u*, but also to the coupling roughness height zW0 and the coupling temperature TW0 of the vertical velocity. In addition, the function relations suggest that only when the vertical velocity magnitude conforms to the limitation |W/u*|≠1, and is above the level zW0, then the vertical velocity leads to the cross coupling effect on the vertical heat turbulent transport flux. The cross coupling theory and experimental results provide a challenge to the traditional turbulent K closure theory and the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory.     

东海黑潮及其上游硝酸盐输送年际变化的模拟研究

利用一个太平洋区域分辨率为12.5 km的ROMS-CoSiNE海洋物理-生态耦合模式1997-2016年的积分结果,对东海黑潮硝酸盐输送的年际变化进行分析。结果显示:东海黑潮的硝酸盐输送存在约3 a与7 a的年际变化周期,且在100~400 m深的次表层与400~800 m深的中层水中变化较为显著。东海黑潮上游海水中,南海水及直接汇入东海黑潮的西太平洋海水对黑潮硝酸盐的年际输送变化具有重要影响。其中,南海水主要影响东海黑潮中层水的硝酸盐输送,而西太平洋海水对东海黑潮次表层水硝酸盐的输送影响较为显著。     

太平洋中的主要起伏模态

对海洋中起伏运动(heaving)信号的时空分布研究能够帮助我们更好地了解气候系统中的年际和年代际变率。文章通过再分析资料和模式对太平洋区域的heaving主要模态进行了研究。研究结果表明: 太平洋区域主要存在两种heaving模态: 第一模态主要表现为赤道东西两侧的温跃层异常信号反位相; 第二模态表现为赤道区域和副热带区域的温跃层异常信号呈现反位相变化的规律。本文对这两个主要heaving模态所涉及的物理过程进行详细讨论, 结果表明: 东西反位相模态主要是受赤道波动调节的结果; 而经向结构模态则主要是由赤道地区的波动和副热带区域的风应力旋度异常作用共同导致。此外, 我们还讨论了heaving模态可以通过海洋波动以及Ekman输送等过程对海盆尺度的热输送(振幅约为5×10¹⁴W)以及海洋热含量(振幅约为1.5×10²⁰J)的再分配起到了关键的调制作用, 进一步表明heaving模态对全球气候变化有着重要的作用。     

广西一次强降雨TBB场特征分析

利用FY-2E卫星的相当黑体亮温（Black-Body Temperature,TBB）等经纬度投影数据（水平分辨率0.1°×0.1°）和NCEP／NCAR的再分析资料,对应分析2010年5月31日至6月2日TBB平均场分布特征及其演变特点.结果表明：TBB比较好的展示了强降雨落区及强度的变化特点,TBB的梯度变化与强降雨的演变有明显的对应关系,TBB梯度突降时,降水随之增强,突升时,降水随之减弱.丰富的水汽从南海源源不断沿副高西侧向华南上空输送,与高空槽引导下的冷空气在华南上空交汇,对广西上空的强降雨云系的发生、发展和维持起着重要作用.同时,TBB低值区在广西中部暖式切变附近稳定少动,给该地区造成长时间的强降雨天气.     

三亚湾近3年营养盐含量变化及其输送量的估算

根据2001—2003年监测资料,对三亚湾N、P、Si营养盐含量变化及其输送量进行了研究分析。N、P、Si平均含量分别为1.93、0.10和8.43μmol.L-1,显示出低N和P、高Si的分布状况。夏季N限制出现率仅为10.5%—29.2%,N限制可能性较小;秋季P限制出现率达到66%—79.4%,P限制可能性较大;Si限制出现率为零,Si限制可能性几乎没有。湾外海水营养盐的输送占较高的比例,在2001—2003年的3年时间里,约有670.6t NO2--N、6 174t NO3--N、3 752t NH4+-N、100 800t SiO32--Si和1 246.2t PO43--P从外海向湾内输送,其中,NO3--N的输送量占DIN输送量的60%以上,而SiO32--Si的输送量明显高于N、P输送量。     

基于GNSS PWV的水汽输送路径研究

基于2014年河北省CORS观测及气象资料,利用GNSS PWV进行水汽输送路径研究。通过GNSS PWV、ΔPWV变化与实际降水的比较发现,GNSS PWV空间变化与水汽输送路径一致,验证了河北省存在由南向北、由西北向东南的两条水汽输送路径。     

南海北部陆坡区内孤立波的垂向热量输送

An integrated analysis of internal solitary wave(ISW) observations obtained from two moorings over the continental slope in the northern South China Sea(SCS) leads to an assessment of the vertical heat transport of the ISWs. The clusters of ISW packets are phase-locked to the fortnightly cycle of the semidiurnal tide. The ISWs appear during large semidiurnal tides, and there is a period of 5–6 d when no ISWs are observed. The effect of the ISWs on the continental slope heat budget is observed. The ISWs can modify a local temperature field in which the temperature in the upper layer can be changed by O(100) °C after the ISWs passed the mooring. Both ISWinduced diffusion and ISW-induced advection contribute to the temperature variation. The estimates imply an average vertical heat flux of 0.01 to 0.1 MW/m~2 in the ISWs in the upper 500 m of the water column. The vertical heat transport ranges from 0.56 to 2.83 GJ/m~2 with a mean value of 1.63 GJ/m~2. The observations suggest that the vertical heat transport is proportional to the maximum vertical displacement.     

南海次表层盐度的低频变化及与太平洋年代际振荡的关系

南海是西北太平洋最大的边缘海, 是联系北太平洋和北印度洋的关键通道。黑潮北上经过吕宋海峡时会将来自西太平洋的信号传入南海, 进而影响南海的水动力环境。研究了南海次表层盐度的空间分布特征、低频变化规律及其与太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO)的关系, 并进一步探究了次表层盐度近年来的变化。结果显示: 1)南海次表层高盐水的位势密度主要介于24~26σ_θ, 受次表层气旋式环流所驱动, 盐度气候态空间分布北高南低, 以吕宋海峡处为起点, 呈逆时针自北向南逐渐降低。2)次表层盐度低频变化显著, 与PDO呈显著的正相关关系。当PDO处于正位相时, 吕宋海峡处西向平流输送加强, 次表层盐度升高; 当PDO处于负位相时, 吕宋海峡处西向平流输送减弱, 次表层盐度降低, 盐度的变化受到水平环流场的直接影响。3)近年来, 南海次表层盐度呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势, 滞后PDO约10个月, 2006— 2014年初, 盐度呈下降趋势; 2014—2017年初, 盐度呈上升趋势, 且上升速率远大于先前下降的速率; 2017年后盐度再次逐渐降低。