Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in local zinc smelting activities contaminated site

It has been found that stream waters were severely contaminated with wastes from a long-time smelting factory in Hezhang, Guizhou, China. The main sources of contamination are the smelting wastes stored in the open air and abandoned in the vicinity of stream. A method of lead isotope was adopted in order to identify relations between tailings and water contamination. Representative samples of tailings and stream sediments were collected. Mineralogical characterizations were conducted using XRD and TEM/SEM, while acid digestion was carried out for determining metal contents. BCR sequential leaching tests were performed in order to assess metal mobility. The tremendous ‘actual＇ and ‘potential＇ mobility of heavy metals indicates that the smelting waste and stream sediments present a considerable threat to the environment. Besides the chemical remobilization of heavy metals from the sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. Also groundwater and stream water were sampled in specific locations and were measured.     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.     

北京晴天紫外波段气溶胶光学厚度反演与分析

利用太阳一大气紫外光谱辐射计(SAUVS)，测量到达北京地表的太阳直接和散射紫外光谱辐射，给出反演大气气溶胶光学厚度的一种方法。结果表明：在紫外波段，大气气溶胶的光学厚度随波长的增加而单调减小，用指数函数可以很好地拟合反演结果。统计得到了3个水平能见度状况下拟合函数的系数值，与全球气溶胶监测网络(AERONET)北京站的资料对比，表明反演结果基本合理。     

佳木斯市40年太阳辐射变化规律及分析

利用经验公式，把佳木斯市40a的太阳辐射资料补充完整，在此基础上，用方差分析的方法找出太阳辐射的变化规律，并加以分析。     

卫星遥感资料在小麦产量预报中的应用

简要阐述气象卫星监测作物苗情的原理 ,以德州市冬小麦产量预报为例 ,介绍气象卫星遥感资料在产量预报中的应用。     

气象辐射记录月报表制作软件的设计与应用

受PC-1500计算机功能的限制,气象辐射记录月报表的制作一直是用手工抄录的,稍不注意就容易出错.这是气象辐射报表中较常出现的问题.影响了气象辐射观测质量.针对这种情况漠河县气象局根据本站的实际情况,统计了历年的气象辐射观测数据.制作了气象辐射报表程序.该程序可对日射报表的日记录进行处理,月记录自动统计并选取月极值,简化了报表的制作过程,经试运行,效果良好.     

高温高压下电解质溶液热力学性质的研究进展

高温高压下电解质溶液热力学性质的研究不仅对探讨地球内部流体的作用具有重要意义，而且在很多实际工业过程中也都有广泛应用。本综述了近10年来高温高压下电解质溶液热力学参数的实验测量和理论计算的进展，实验设备还有待进一步的改进和完善，以获得更高温度和压力下的数据，理论计算不仅有待于实验的发展，也与溶液的结构理论密切相关。     

华北岩石圈三维流变结构的一种初步模型

利用华北地区(105~124°E, 30~42°N)的地震P波速度资料和大地热流资料建立了华北岩石圈的三维波速分布及温度分布. 考虑了摩擦滑动、脆性破裂及蠕变三 种主要的流变机制在岩石圈中的作用. 计算了华北岩石圈流变强度及粘度的三维分布. 结果表明, 岩石圈的流变强度和粘度有着明显的分层特征. 在应变率为 的情况下, 上地壳上部为脆性区, 下部有可能是以蠕变为主的延性区; 中地壳可以是以脆性破裂为主的脆性区, 也可以是上层以脆性破裂为主而大部分是以蠕变为主的延性区; 而下地壳几乎均是以蠕变为主的延性区; 壳下岩石圈上部是以脆性破裂为主或以蠕变为主的高强度区. 同时可以看出, 流变强度在水平方向上有很大的不同, 与大地构造有着明显的联系. 讨论了岩石圈波速结构, 温度分布对流变结构的影响, 并对改进岩石圈流变结构的研究提出了建议.     

基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布

基于1 km×1 km分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM) 数据,利用建立的起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了黄河流域1 km×1 km分辨率各月天文辐射的空间分布。结果表明:局部地形对黄河流域年和四季天文辐射的空间分布影响明显;在太阳高度角较低的冬季,地理和地形因子对天文辐射的影响相当强烈,山区天文辐射的空间差异大,1月份向阳山坡(偏南坡) 天文辐射可为背阴山坡(偏北坡) 的2~3倍,极端天文辐射的差异可达10倍以上;而在太阳高度角较高的夏季,天文辐射空间差异较小,7月份不同地形极端天文辐射的差异仅在16%左右;四季中,地形对天文辐射影响的程度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。     

西藏自治区的土壤理化特性探讨

通过对西藏自治区主要土壤类型的实地踏勘和采样分析,并结合全国土壤普查资料的结果进行分析,揭示了本区土壤具有4点特性:即多砾石性、砂质性、成土幼年性和低矿化的富有机质性。因此,在改良本区土壤时,应重视去石与防治沙漠化措施,加强矿质养分肥料的施用,稳定有机肥的投入。