西伯利亚贝加尔湖中含气体水合物沉积物的多频地震研究

本文讨论了西伯利亚贝加尔湖中含甲烷水合物之沉积物所表现的声学特性与频率关系。所用的五种不同类型的震源（枪阵，二种单气枪，水枪和电火花）的频带宽度10－1000Hz。对于低频枪阵数据，我们所观察到的水合物稳定带（HSZ）底是一个反极性强振幅的似海底反射（BSR）。对于中一高频率数据，BSR的振幅和连续性降低，甚至消失，垂向和水平方向的分辨率解释了这一特征。BSR反射振幅随着偏移距的增加而增强，BSR反射系数以及其下反射增强表明HSZ之下存在游离气。在BSR之上观察到一些延伸的强反射，推断为在HSZ内游离气与水合物共存的标志。BSR之上的空白带厚度变化不定，而对于中一高频的数据，BSR本身起一个低通滤波器的作用。提供初始地震信息的新单道剖面穿过了贝加尔钻井工程（BDP－97）的钻孔位置，在此处HSZ底部之上约200m的深度取到含水合物的沉积物。将钻井和地震信息结合，我们可以粗略估算储存于贝加尔湖中水合物和碳量，也让我们得出一个结论：贝加尔湖中气体水合物的储量没有形成一个有希望的能量远景。     

青藏高原积雪对广西气候影响的过程和物理机制分析

利用1967～1997年500hPa高度场及同期副热带高压资料，分别将年、春、夏、秋、冬季的青藏高原积雪与这两者之间的联系进行分析，并“借用”他人通过数值模拟所得结果来印证由统计分析而得到的相关关系，从而揭示青藏高原积雪对广西气候影响的过程和物理机制。结果表明：青藏高原积雪多、少雪年时，在高原主体所处的范围以及我国以北以贝加尔湖为中心的区域范围内，500hPa高度场的距平符号呈反向变化形式，高原多雪时，高原主体上层500hPa高度场为负距平，高原少雪时，则为正距平。而青藏高原多雪时，太平洋副热带高压脊线要比少雪年位置偏南。     

Sorption of P by ferric hydroxide film, cover particles of sediments of Lake Baikal

We investigated in more detail the adsorption phenomenon which was described earlier. It was clearly established that the hydroxyl apatite was not participated in P adsorption. This phenomenon takes place because of ferric hydroxide film. Modem sediments from the Southem Basin of Lake Baikal were taken and stirred with Baikal water. Carrier-free [^32p]-orthophosphate was added in this system. Similar experiments were made with carrier-free [^35S]-sulphate. Sulphate stayed in supematant completely. The influence of pH on the system with inorganic phosphate was also studied. In low alkali conditions phosphate migrated in supematant, in low acid, in sediments. Baikal sediment was stripped of iron-hydroxous film by treatment with 1% oxalic acid. Investigation of striped sediment shown that phosphate stays in supematant only. Hence, hydroxyl apatite cannot be the phase of the sediments of Lake Baikal which binds phosphate. This all showed by our group before. Now we have found the limit of phosphate sorption in Lake Baikal sediments and the stehiometry of the sorption. The sorption limit of Lake Baikal sediments was studied. An experiment with inorganic ^31P phosphate was made. 0.025% K2HPO4 solution with adding ^32P radioactive mark into it was prepared. 100 μL of mixture of ^31PO4^3- and ^32PO4^3- seven times were added in a ＂Baikal water-Baikal sediment＂ system and blank （100 ml BW only）. Concentrations of inorganic ^31PO4^3- were very low so the bend dot on the diagram was found and sorption limit of sediment was estimated. Baikal sediment stopped assimilating phosphate in the bend dot. The stehiometry of sorption was estimated by supematant-sediment radioactive ratio, which equals 3, that is, three Fe （Ⅲ） atoms associate one PO4^3- anion. The only Fe （Ⅲ） substance which could associate P is -Fe-O-Fe- polymer film. It also dissolves in acid conditions.     

蒙古及邻区上地幔顶部Pn速度结构

利用78364条Pn射线的走时资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演蒙古及邻区上地幔顶部Pn速度结构.反演结果表明,蒙古及邻区Pn平均速度为8.08 km/s,横向速度变化量从-0.39 km/s至+0.30 km/s.速度高异常区主要分布在阿尔泰山地区及准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地等地,在阿尔泰山地区Pn速度最大异常达+0.30 km/s.速度偏低的地区主要在贝加尔湖、华北平原、渤海湾等地,在贝加尔湖西南呈现出强烈的低速度异常达-0.39 km/s,可能与该区新生代的火山活动有关.     

新疆和田玉和俄罗斯贝加尔湖地区软玉的岩石学特征研究

通过对新疆和田玉以及俄罗斯贝加尔湖地区软玉的化学成分、矿物组成、结构构造等方面的研究和对比,从岩石学的角度较系统地总结了两者的异同点,指出两者主要成分和主要矿物组成是近似的,但主要结构有区别,因而在外观上也有一定的差别,这对于两者的开发和利用有重要的实际意义.