传统聚落景观基因的识别与提取方法研究

近年来,由中国学者提出的传统聚落景观基因理论在传统聚落区划、特征识别和旅游规划等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,该理论还缺乏有效的景观基因识别方法。针对前述问题,结合实践探讨了传统聚落景观基因的特征解构提取方法和识别模式。首先,分析了传统聚落景观基因的分类方法并结合面向对象的思想提出了面向对象的景观基因分类模式（OOCPLG）,这为构建特征解构提取方法奠定了理论基础。其次,通过分析景观识别的要求,结合现有的元素提取、图案提取、结构提取和含义提取的不足与优点,建立了特征解构的基因提取方法。最后,总结了景观基因的识别模式和基本操作流程。     

一种新型西南低涡逐步订正识别方法

西南低涡是形成于青藏高原东侧的特殊天气系统,国内学者目前对于西南低涡的识别没有统一的标准。通过分析西南低涡的主要特征,结合高度场、涡度场、风场,设计了一种适应于西南低涡的HVW识别方法,将其应用于2014年6—8月GRAPES-MESO高分辨率格点分析资料,对比与西南低涡天气图实况的差异。通过对西南低涡的识别、低涡生成和消亡时间、低涡中心位置以及低涡中心强度这几方面的具体分析,得到以下几点结论:1)HVW识别方法能够有效识别出高精度格点资料中的西南低涡过程,与格点实况的吻合率达到87.5%;对于天气图和格点资料都能够再现的西南低涡个例,HVW识别方法的准确度能够达到90.9%,说明HVW识别方法能够有效捕捉西南低涡。2)以天气图实况资料为西南低涡生命时长检验标准,HVW识别方法能够合理分析低涡的生成和消亡时间。3)对西南低涡中心位置偏差进行分析发现,HVW识别的西南低涡中心位置不仅位于西南低涡气压低值附近,更位于风场辐合中心。4)对西南低涡中心强度的评估发现,格点实况与HVW识别方法分析的西南低涡强度差异几乎可以忽略,充分说明了HVW识别方法包含了格点实况的高度场信息,也说明该识别方法的西南低涡中心强度可以用来代替格点实况结果。通过对2014年6—8月西南低涡过程的具体分析,验证了HVW逐步循环定位方法的可行性、合理性以及准确性。     

热液流体活动的识别方法及油气地质意义研究进展

基于大量的文献调研,归纳总结了热液流体活动的识别方法,并系统梳理了热液活动对油气成藏的影响。目前热液流体活动的主要识别方法可归纳为3大类,分别为岩石矿物学特征组合法、温感参数异常法、地球化学元素含量异常法。在具体应用时,应尽可能选取多种方法进行综合判识。热液流体活动对油气成藏的影响体现在4个方面：深部热液流体通过提供烃源岩成熟演化所需要的热能、外源氢和催化剂等方式为烃类物质的形成创造了良好的条件;热液流体对油气储层的影响既有建设性也有破坏性,以热液溶蚀的建设性为主;深部热液流体可以增强盖层封闭性;热液流体可促进烃源岩生烃并形成生烃增压,从而促进油气的初次运移,热液流体的溶蚀作用可改善储层物性进而促进油气的二次运移。     

ECOLOGICALLY STRATEGIC POINTS IN LANDSCAPE AND SURFACE MODEL

Various processes occur across a landscape, including ecological processes such as the movement of species, the flow of nutrients, the spread of fire and other disturbances, and the diffusion of pollutants, economic processes such as land conversion for agricultural production, marketing of new product, transportation and immigration; political and diplomatic processes such as the construction of political influence sphere at local, national and global scale. At the fact of limited space and resources on the surface of the earth, a generic issue regarding these processes across the landscapes is: how to control (promote or retard) the processes efficiently, namely using less energy and space for a bigger influence sphere. The overall assumption for this issue is that, there are some positions and portion in a landscape that may have critical influence on a certain process across the landscape. These critical positions in a landscape are called strategic points. Occupancy of these strategic points may give a process the momentum of controlling and covering the landscape more effectively, due to their quality of; Initiative, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of leading the game; Co-ordlnation, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of forming an overall influence sphere; Efficiency, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of having a bigger coverage of the landscape while costing less energy. By identifying and using these critical positions and portions in the landscape, therefore, may unproportionately increase the efficiency of controlling this process. It is further assumed that, in order to take control of the landscape, the process has to overcome a certain resistance. A resistance surface can therefore visualize the dynamics of the process itself. The resistance surface resembles a topographic surface, indicating where the process (flow) diverges or converges. It is, therefore, possible to identify strategically important positions or portions in a landscape that may have important influence on the dynamics of the process. Assuming species movement across a landscape is a competitive gaming process of control and coverage against some resistance, this paper discusses a methodology of identifying strategic points according to the properties of resistance surfaces which resembles a gaming board as well as a topographic surface. Three types of resistance surfaces are discussed: The archipelago type: where lower resistance islands are surrounded by higher resistance matrix, representing such landscapes as agricultural fields dotted with native forest patches. The network type: where the lower resistance portions form a linear network surrounded by higher resistance matrix. The plateau type: where, areas with higher resistance are surrounded by lower resistance matrix. Accordingly, five types of strategic points are identified in terms of their locations. They are strategic points at saddle points , at intersections, at the center, at an edge and at a corner. Strategic points for biodivershy conservation are minimax points in a given resistance surface associated with the dispersibility of a certain species. A case study is used to illustrate the methodology. The rules leading to the strategic points are largely hypothetical, though supported by a limited number of observations. This approach may provide a framework and a new model of thinking for field observations of landscape ecology as well as landscape change.     

景观生态战略点识别方法与理论地理学的表面模型

本文讨论了如何根据景观阻力表面特征来判别景观生态战略点的方法,论述了三种类型的景观阻力表面;岛屿型、网络型和高原型。相应于各种阻力表面类型,得出五种景观战略点的空间位置：鞍部战略点．交汇处战略点,中央战略点,边缘战略点和角落战略点。     

贵州山区地质灾害危险源识别方法 ——以盘州市盘关镇重点区为例

本文依托贵州省重点地区地质灾害详细调查及风险评价示范项目,以盘州市盘关镇重点区为例,提出了一套从斜坡单元划分、单元地质灾害易发指数计算、易发指数阈值计算,到单元地质灾害危险源评判,编制研究区地质灾害危险源分布图等地质灾害风险识别新方法。在研究区地质灾害危险源分布图的基础上,可预测不同暴雨频率地质灾害危险源危险区范围,编制不同暴雨频率危险源危险区范围分布图,根据降雨强度与暴雨频率的关系,可以使重点区地质灾害风险气象预报更加科学合理。     

山东黄河下游区土壤微量元素地质背景与人为叠加影响的识别方法

准确识别土壤异常元素的成因和来源,识别其地质背景来源与人为污染的叠加量,可以为土壤污染评价与地球化学预警提供重要依据。利用山东省黄河沿岸土壤剖面的测量资料,根据土壤常量组分对微量元素含量具有决定性制约作用的特点,建立了利用土壤常量组分含量预测微量元素背景含量的数学方法,依据实测值和预测理论值可以定量地评价土壤人为叠加量,是评价土壤污染程度的途径之一。     

基于地震资料的小断裂检测技术

煤矿安全生产的形势越来越严峻,查明煤层的构造发育情况,特别是小断层及微断裂的发育情况,是目前煤炭工业迫待解决的一大难题。根据煤田中小断层和断面波的特征,有针对性的提出了小断层高分辨率时频谱处理识别技术和基于断面波特征的微断裂识别方法,模型试验和实际地震资料的应用表明,该方法能够充分挖掘地震资料的有效信息,较好的识别出煤田中的小断层和微断裂。     

常见涉震舆情识别与应对

对常见的地震预报预测、浮夸灾情、“乌龙”类涉震舆情举例说明,给出相应识别方法,并指出,在涉震舆情应对中存在缺乏监控平台、完整应对方案、联防联控合作等问题,可以采取追查谣传源头、加强普法宣传、公布灾情查询方式、及时删除并解释原因等措施,尽量减少或避免并有效处置涉震舆情。