海洋观测中的实时操作系统分析研究

海洋观测是获取海洋环境信息的重要方式,实时、可靠的操作系统是海洋观测中信息采集与处理系统的重要组成部分。实时操作系统计算的正确性不仅取决于计算的逻辑正确性,还取决于产生结果的时间。该系统具有高精度计时系统、多级中断嵌套机制和实时调度机制,这些特性保证任务在规定的时间内完成。文中对三个典型的操作系统(Wind River公司的Vx Works、BRTT公司的Antelope和开源的RTLinux)进行研究,并从功能、关键模块以及优缺点等方面进行分析论证,详细阐述了实时操作系统的功能特性以及实时操作系统在相关领域应用的重要性。     

撼天动地的海底火山喷发

长期以来,火山爆发始终是人们津津乐道的自然奇观,自地球形成之日起,火山喷发便从未停止过。历史上很多次火山爆发,都会吸引人们亲赴现场,感受并记录那些震撼的画面。古罗马时期,老普林尼为了记下维苏威火山给整个文明带来的冲击,在地中海的小船上付出了生命的代价。海底火山的爆发作为难以被观测到的景象,更是吊足了世人的胃口。也不乏有幸运者观测到     

一次典型高压型海雾过程中海上大气波导的数值模拟

2009年4月9—12日黄海海域发生了一次受高压系统影响的海雾过程。利用卫星观测与探空数据、WRF模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)对此次海雾过程及相伴的大气波导进行了观测分析与数值模拟。海雾与波导发展可分为3个阶段:(1)大气波导先于海雾存在于黄海海面;受高压下沉影响,黄海上空存在逆温层和较强的湿度梯度,表现为较强的贴海表面波导和非贴海表面波导。(2)海雾始于高压西部,并随高压系统逐渐东移减弱,向黄海北部扩展;辐射冷却虽然使雾顶附近逆温增强,但海雾的机械湍流使其顶部湿度梯度减小,雾顶附近对应弱悬空波导或波导消失。(3)高压系统影响使干空气下沉到雾区导致黄海海雾消散;雾顶附近逆温仍存在,同时湿度梯度增大,黄海上空逐渐变为非贴海表面波导。本研究结果表明:高压系统不仅极易为波导的发生提供有利条件,而且有利于海雾的生成,在海雾演变过程中主要是雾顶水汽梯度的变化导致了波导类型及强度的变化。     

First six months quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products using in situ measurements

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A, carrying a Ku-band scatteromenter （SCAT）, was successfully launched in August 2011. The first quality assessment of HY-2A SCAT wind products is presented through the comparison of the first 6 months operationally released SCAT products with in situ data. The in situ winds from the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） buoys, R/V Polarstern, Aurora Australis, Roger Revelle and PY30-1 oil platform, were converted to the 10 m equivalent neutral winds. The temporal and spatial differences between the HY-2A SCAT and the in situ observations were limited to less than 5 min and 12.5 km. For HY-2A SCAT wind speed products, the comparison and analysis using the NDBC buoys yield a bias of-0.49 m/s, a root mean square error （RMSE） of 1.3 m/s and an increase negative bias with increasing wind speed observation above 3 m/s. Although less accurate of HY-2A SCAT wind direction at low winds, the RMSE of 19.19° with a bias of 0.92° is found for wind speeds higher than 3 m/s. These results are found consistent with those from R/Vs and oil platform comparisons. Moreover, the NDBC buoy comparison results also suggest that the accuracy of HY-2A SCAT winds is consistent over the first half year of 2012. The encouraging assessment results over the first 6 months show that wind products from HY-2A SCAT will be useful for scientific community.     

海冰对北极海冰边缘区大洋光学观测的影响评估

Diffuse attenuation coefficient(DAC) of sea water is an important parameter in ocean thermodynamics and biology, reflecting the absorption capability of sea water in different layers. In the Arctic Ocean, however, sea ice affects the radiance/irradiance measurements of upper ocean, which results in obvious errors in the DAC calculation. To better understand the impacts of sea ice on the ocean optics observations, a series of in situ experiments were carried out in the summer of 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea. Observational results show that the profiles of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients of seawater near ice cover within upper surface of 50 m were not contaminated by the sea ice with a solar zenith angle of 55°, relative azimuth angle of 110°≤φ≤115° and horizontal distance between the sensors and ice edge of greater than 25 m. Based on geometric optics theory, the impact of ice cover could be avoided by adjusting the relative solar azimuth angle in a particular distance between the instrument and ice. Under an overcast sky, ice cover being 25 m away from sensors did not affect the profiles of spectral DACs within the upper 50 m either. Moreover, reliable spectral DACs of seawater could be obtained with sensors completely covered by sea ice.     

平台基海洋环境立体监测系统的研制及应用

介绍了一种基于海洋石油平台的海洋动力环境立体监测系统的系统组成和工作原理。该平台基监测系统由气象监测系统、浮标监测系统、有缆潜标监测系统、测波雷达、通信和岸站系统五部分组成,开展风、浪、流、内波等环境参数的长期、定点监测,并通过平台网络系统实时传输测量数据。经过海上长期试验表明该系统能够稳定可靠地在平台上运行,可为中国油气资源开发走向深海提供可靠的技术支撑和安全保障。     

A preliminary study of variations of the Changjiang Diluted Water between August of 1999 and 2006

A large area hypoxia has been already reported respectively by two interdisciplinary surveys off the Changjiang Estuary since summer of 1999 and 2006. The hypoxic zone shows distinct year-to-year variations. Observed oceanographic data are first analysized and reveal a big difference for the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) between these two periods. These great changes are related to the tremendous reduction of the freshwater discharge and variations of wind fields between these two years. It is also found that the monthly mean intrusion of Kuroshio and its branches has increased in the northern East China Sea (ECS), but decreased in the southern ECS in August of 2006 as compared with 1999 on the base of general circulation models. Then, the Regional Ocean Modelling Systems is applied to the East China Sea to evaluate the contributions and relative importance of impacts from the river discharge, wind forcing and open boundary data. Our simulations reproduce the phenomena that more fresh water extends northeastward in 2006 and forms a negative SSS anomaly to the northeast of the river mouth as compared with 1999, which is consistent with observations. The five group numerical tests suggest that the wind forcing dominates the CDW variations followed by the Kuroshio and its branches. The study implies important roles played by hydrodynamic processes on the variability of hypoxic zone in the study areas.     

大视野水下激光观察系统

严重受限的水下观察是无人遥控潜不器作业中的一个问题。小型二极管激励绿激光器的问世，使人科重新对作为克服某些水下观察问题手段的同步体积扫描产生了兴趣。由于所用光学装置的原因，同步扫描的局限之一在于所能达到的视野深度有限。     

荷兰的海岸线管理

荷兰的海岸线管理陈成龚文平王路（海南省海洋厅）一、荷兰的海岸荷兰的北海海岸主要由海岸沙丘、海堤和其他一些水下障壁组成,它们共同保护着荷兰的低地。其中沙丘海岸占到总岸线长度的四分之三,宽度从不足１０米到几千米。沙丘和海滨以及前滨提供了一个自然的泥沙防护...