一次西南低涡过程中强降水云系的特征分析

为了方便研究西南低涡伴随产生的云系空间特征,尝试使用TRMM卫星数据,结合NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2010年7月23日至24日发生在四川盆地内的一次西南低涡过程进行分析。结果表明,23日18Z受高原涡和台风的气流影响,四川盆地处于"鞍"型气压场内,西南低涡在该地区产生,至24日18Z有强降水在绵阳至广元一带出现。在这过程中,低层的偏南气流补充和水汽辐合倾斜上升,对低涡有加强作用。研究强降水产生时刻西南低涡降水云系的水平、垂直特征,显示云系发展出中尺度对流复合体,云系东南侧对流较强,并与云顶亮温梯度递减大值区、水汽辐合中心和对流云降水区三者相关。强降水云系顶部窄小,中部宽大,5km至近地面表现为倒梯形结构。低涡云系7至5km高度层对应层云上部的弱回波区,亮温-72℃的云系在7-10km高度包含有大量冰粒子。不同云顶亮温的云系内,最大降水率呈现三段阶梯状分布,亮温-68℃的云系表现出集中化和接地的特点,亮温-68℃至-60℃的云系在5km以下垂直分布均匀。云顶亮温越低,其内部最大降水出现的高度越低,且平均降水高度同最大降水出现高度的差距越大,西南低涡云系垂直特征与热对流有不同,低涡出现时需要关注云顶亮温-60℃的对流云。     

The Relationship between the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Summer Precipitation over East Asia as Simulated by the IAP AGCM4.0

Based on a 30-year Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project（AMIP） simulation using IAP AGCM4.0, the relationship between the East Asian subtropical westerly jet（EASWJ） and summer precipitation over East Asia has been investigated, and compared with observation. It was found the meridional displacement of the EASWJ has a closer relationship with the precipitation over East Asia both from model simulation and observation, with an anomalous southward shift of EASWJ being conducive to rainfall over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley（YHRV）, and an anomalous northward shift resulting in less rainfall over the YHRV. However, the simulated precipitation anomalies were found to be weaker than observed from the composite analysis, and this would be related to the weakly reproduced mid-upper-level convergence in the mid-high latitudes and ascending motion in the lower latitudes.     

Recent Change of the South Asian High

This paper investigates the variability of the summer （May-September） South Asian Iligh （SAIl） for the period 1979-2012. Results show that the intensity and the area of the summer SAH decreased around 2002 at the decadal scale; and the East Asian westerly jet suppressed at the north edge of the SAH, which is consistent with the SAH variation. The precipitation pattern over eastern China also shifted during the same periods, with increased rainfall in the Huang-Huai River region and South China and decreased rainfall in the Yangtze River region. The relationship between the two variations is evidently strengthened via changes in moisture flux.     

2012年7月末天津暴雨过程的扰动特征

利用多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达资料,辅以高分辨率的地面自动气象站资料,对2012年7月25—26日天津地区的一次大暴雨(局部特大暴雨)过程进行扰动特征分析。结果表明:1)大暴雨过程的雷达回波表现为高质心结构,气旋式辐合与对流中上升气流及后侧下沉气流紧密相连,表现出较好的对流组织性,也预示强降雨将持续发展。逆风区的维持与伸展的高度可作为暴雨预报的先兆信号。2)地面辐合线与雷达回波上对流单体出现"列车效应"的区域有很好的一致性。地面形成的气旋性闭合环流和中小尺度环流辐合作用的稳定维持是产生大暴雨的重要因素。3)由风廓线资料可详细分析出暴雨过程中低空急流及边界层急流的扰动过程。在强降雨发生前,急流强度明显增强,与雷达回波上的"列车效应"是一致的,但比雷达更早出现。风廓线资料中低空急流和边界层急流的增强态势,对大暴雨短时临近预报具有很好的指示意义。     

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall （EASR） is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode （2DLM）, accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal vari- ance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data. This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet-Huaihe- River-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr pe- riod. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a telecon- nection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.     

西南印度洋深海热液硫化物区沉积物微生物群落结构和固氮基因多样性

A sediment sample was collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field located at a depth of 2 951 m on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the prokaryotic community using polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification of the 16 S rRNA and nifH genes. Within the Archaea, the dominant clones were from marine benthic group E（MBGE） and marine group I（MGI） belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota, respectively. More than half of the bacterial clones belonged to the Proteobacteria, and most fell within the Gammaproteobacteria. No epsilonproteobacterial sequence was observed. Additional phyla were detected including the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate divisions OD1, OP11, WS3 and TM6, confirming their existence in hydrothermal vent environments. The detection of nifH gene suggests that biological nitrogen fixation may occur in the hydrothermal vent field of the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only Clusters I and III NifH were present. This is consistent with the phylogenetic analysis of the microbial 16 S rRNA genes, indicating that Bacteria play the main role in nitrogen fixation in this hydrothermal vent environment.     

The response of the East Asian summer monsoon to strong tropical volcanic eruptions

A 600-year integration performed with the Bergen Climate Model and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data were used to investigate the impact of strong tropical volcanic eruptions on the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and EASM rainfall.Both the simulation and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data show a weakening of the EASM in strong eruption years.The model simulation suggests that North and South China experience droughts and the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley experiences floods during eruption years.In response to strong tropical volcanic eruptions,the meridional air temperature gradient in the upper troposphere is enhanced,which leads to a southward shift and an increase of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream （EASWJ）.At the same time,the land-sea thermal contrast between the Asian land mass and Northwest Pacific Ocean is weakened.The southward shift and increase of the EASWJ and reduction of the land-sea thermal contrast all contribute to a weakening of the EASM and EASM rainfall anomaly.     

黔西南灰家堡金矿田成矿流体来源及演化:流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

为厘清滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成矿流体的特征,本文以灰家堡金矿田为代表,对太平洞、紫木凼、水银洞和簸箕田4个典型矿床中热液矿物的流体包裹体进行了系统研究,并对热液矿物进行了碳、氢、氧、硫同位素的分析测试。结果表明,灰家堡金矿田流体包裹体类型丰富,包括NaCl-H2O溶液包裹体、CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体、烃-H2O包裹体和烃类包裹体五大类。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体组分大致经历了从H2O+NaCl→H2O+NaCl+CO2+CH4±N2→H2O+NaCl±CH4±CO2的演化,均一温度和盐度略有降低。流体包裹体及稳定同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体属于富含金属和碳氢化合物的盆地流体;沉积黄铁矿的硫主要来源于封闭海洋盆地中硫酸盐的细菌还原硫;热液硫化物与沉积黄铁矿的硫同位素特征相似,表明成矿流体中的硫来源于成岩黄铁矿的溶解作用,同时有机质热分解和硫酸盐有机质热还原作用亦提供了部分硫。成矿主阶段发生的H2O-NaCl-CO2流体不混溶作用是导致Au沉淀富集的重要机制。     

滇东北下田坝花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

滇东北下田坝花岗岩的SiO2质量分数在71.1%～78.15%之间,Al2O3值在11.55%～14.90%之间,A/CNK=0.94～1.25,属于弱过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量(∑REE)为259.71×10-6～804.60×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE为4.12～10.28,说明轻稀土较重稀土富集。岩石具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.04～0.07),大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Pb、U等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等明显亏损,这些特征说明下田坝花岗岩是由壳源物质部分熔融形成的,具有A型花岗岩的特征。对下田坝花岗岩进行的激光探针等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究获得了206Pb/238 U加权年龄年龄769±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.45),可代表花岗岩的形成年龄,下田坝花岗岩并非原来认为的早古生代花岗岩。结合对区域地质资料的分析认为,下田坝花岗岩的形成年龄与扬子地块西部Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在时间上一致,该花岗岩是在Rodinia超大陆裂解过程中由地幔柱活动引起的大陆裂谷环境中形成的,这也证实了扬子地块西南缘新元古代的裂谷环境已影响到滇东北的东川地区。     

伊春市2013年8月区域性暴雨天气过程分析

2013年8月12-14日,黑龙江省伊春市出现区域性暴雨过程。此次降水过程是受地面低压中心在黑龙江省西部地区发展加深并略向北抬,以及配合高空低涡盘旋黑龙江省西部上空的影响,且伴有高低空急流输送。通过实况天气图观察发现,此次过程副高一直位于我国华南沿海地区,从海上输送充足的水汽并配合急流输送的位置以及地面暖锋影响是导致此次过程的主要原因。