纵向岭谷区生态系统变化及西南跨境生态安全研究

位于我国西南、以纵向山系和大河为主体特征的纵向岭谷区,其地表主要自然物质、能量输送和人类活动等,表现出明显的“通道—阻隔”作用,产生了复杂多样的关联效应：使其成为亚洲大陆主要的纵向生物走廊、避难所和我国与东南亚重要的生态廊道,拥有北半球除沙漠和海洋外的各类生态系统,是全球生物物种的高富集区和世界级基因库,但其生态脆弱、灾害频发;主导了区内多民族沿河谷分布、在山间盆地聚居的“大分散、小聚居”格局,其社会经济发展地域分异大。因此,该区一直是地学和生物学等研究地表复杂环境系统与生命系统演变规律的关键地区,在全球具有不可替代性;同时,该区资源富集,短期开发行为多、环境退化加剧、贫困普遍,保护与发展矛盾极为突出,在西部具有典型性和代表性。     

核工业二八○研究所

核工业280研究所隶属于中国核工业集团公司,是中国核工业唯一一支立足西南的专业铀矿地质勘查事业单位,主要承担云、贵、川、渝、藏等地区放射性矿产资源勘查、规划等任务,负责管理西南地区放射性矿产储量、地质档案资料等工作,是一支集铀矿地质与科研、基础地质、矿产地质和多种经营为一体的新型地勘队伍。     

暴雨台风局地致灾东北低温江南炎热--2009年7月--

2009年7月,我国气温较常年同期偏高,降水较常年同期偏少.全国平均气温为22.0℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃.其中,西藏7月区域平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值,云南为次高值.全国平均降水量为109.6mm,较常年同期偏少6.3mm.但是本月,我国局地暴雨洪涝灾害多发,其中四川、湖南、山东等地的部分地区受灾严重,且青海7月区域平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多值.月内我国主要天气气候事件有:黑龙江低温阴雨天气持续;热带风暴苏迪罗、台风莫拉菲先后在我国华南登陆;长江中下游及其以南地区出现持续高温天气;我国部分地区遭受暴雨洪涝灾害;全国24个省(市、区)遭受强对流天气袭击.     

Co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of Ms7.0 Lushan,earthquake

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake with mag- nitude 7.0 occurred in the southwest of the Longmenshan fault system in and around Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China. This devastating earthquake killed hun- dreds of people, injured 10 thousand others, and collapsed countless buildings. In order to analyze the potential risk of this big earthquake, we calculate the co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of this event. In this work, a multilayered crustal model is designed, and the elastic dislocation theory is utilized to calculate the co- and post-seismic deformations and gravity changes. During the process, a rupture model obtained by seismic waveform inversion （Liu et al. Sci China Earth Sci 56（7）： 1187-1192, 2013） is applied. The time-dependent relaxation results show that the influences on Lushan and its surrounding areas caused by the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake will last as long as 10 years. The maximum horizontal displacement, vertical uplift, and settlement are about 5 cm, 21.24 cm, and 0.16 m, respectively; the maximal positive and nega- tive values of gravity changes are 45 and -0.47 μGal, respectively. These results may be applied to evaluate the long-term potential risk caused by this earthquake and to provide necessary information for post-earthquake reconstruction.     

西南地区早—中二叠世玥类复合标准序列的建立及初步研究

利用西南地区 10条石炭系—二叠系剖面上的类分布建立了该地区早—中二叠世类复合标准序列( CSS) ,总结了类 6 8属 6 32种在该地区的分布延限。根据类物种在复合标准序列上的分布规律 ,阐述了这一时期类动物群物种分异度的变化过程。研究结果表明 ,西南地区类物种分异度在早—中二叠世变化显著 ,共经历过三次快速增长时期 ,分别与假希瓦格亚科、米斯亚科及新希瓦格科的辐射演化有关 ;而物种分异度的两次大幅度下降则分别反映了早二叠世的动物群更替事件及中二叠世集群灭绝事件对本地区类动物的影响。     

清代西南地区森林空间格局网格化重建简

基于遥感土地利用数据和全球潜在植被数据,确定了中国西南地区土地垦殖前森林植被可能的分布范围,并通过量化地形（海拔、坡度）和气候生产潜力（光照、温度、水分）与农林地分布间的关系,构建了土地宜垦性评估模型和历史森林面积网格化分配模型,重建了清代西南地区5个时点、分辨率为10 km×10 km的森林空间格局。结果表明：①本文设计的森林空间格局网格化重建方法具有一定的可行性,其结果能较好地反映森林变迁历史过程的基本特征;②西南地区森林覆被率从雍正二年（1724年）的54.7%下降至宣统三年（1911年）的27.8%,其减少地区主要分布在四川盆地、云南中南部以及贵州大部;③从网格占比的变化趋势看,1724-1911年,西南地区森林覆被率小于10%的网格占比上升了约31个百分点,而覆被率大于80%的网格占比则下降了约13个百分点。     

Seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) Cold Water Mass

Samples were collected with a plankton net in the four seasonal cruises during 2006-2007 to study the seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest part of Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass (HSCWM, Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass). The spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition, biomass, abundance and biodiversity were examined. A total of 122 zooplankton species and 30 pelagic larvae were identified in the four cruises. Calanus sinicus and Aidanosagitta crassa were the most dominant species, and Themisto gaudichaudi and Euphausia pacifica were widely distributed in the HSCWM area. The spatial patterns of non-gelatinous zooplankton (removing the high water content groups) were similar to those of the total zooplankton biomass in autumn, but different significantly in the other three seasons. The seasonal means of zooplankton biomass in spring and summer were much higher than that in autumn and winter. The total zooplankton abundance averaged 283.5 ind./m~3 in spring (highest), 192.5 ind./m~3 in summer, 165.5 ind./m~3 in autumn and 65.9 ind./m~3 in winter (lowest), and the non-gelatinous groups contributed the most total abundance. Correlation analysis suggests that the non-gelatinous zooplankton biomass and abundance had a significant positive correlation in the whole year, but the relationship was insignificant between the total zooplankton biomass and abundance in spring and summer. The diversity index H of zooplankton community averaged 1.88 in this study, which was somewhat higher than historical results. Relatively low diversity in summer was related to the high dominance of Calanus sinicus, probably due to the strongest effect of the HSCWM in this season.     

我国西南地区夏季降水异常的区域特征

采用旋转经验正交展开（REOF）方法，对我国西南地区49a夏季降水标准化距平场进行客观分区，并分析了各区夏季降水异常的长期变化趋势。结果表明，西南地区夏季降水量场可以分为5个区域，该5区均具有显著的年代际变化特征，且近50a来它们的旱涝变化存在着显著差异，其中川西、川东和贵州降水的长期变化趋势不明显，而四川盆地和云南显著变干。     

西南地区地质灾害应急体系构架模式研究

本文根据西南地区地理环境和地质灾害特点,分析了国家现行应急体系及存在的问题,提出了建立"国家西南应急指挥中心-省(市)-区县"三级应急体系和应急联动机制的构架模式,着重解决应急现势数据获取、基础数据共享和应急联动保障机制建设,提高西南地区地质灾害应急监测和防治水平。     

兵锋直指贵州 兵威直入黔境 兵势直逼夜郎 长征中中央红军突然转兵入黔使贵州地名再次绽放红色光彩

贵州,我国西南部的一个省份,历来为兵家必争之地。战国后期,该地区为古夜郎国属地,为西南地区的大国之一。秦始皇统一中国后,曾在夜郎地区修筑"五尺道",并在部分地方设郡县、置官吏。唐代在今贵州