基于水化学及径流组成的中国西北内陆河流域水资源风险评估

水资源作为西北内陆区重要的战略性资源,关系着区域经济社会可持续发展。内陆河作为区域重要的水资源组成部分对全球气候变化响应显著。本文选取祁连山、天山、昆仑山地区典型的内陆河流域,基于长期径流监测,以及降水、融水、河水、地下水等多水体水化学、同位素分析数据,分析了区域径流组成特征及其与主要环境要素的相互关系,评估了其水资源风险。结果表明：(1)除石羊河外,20世纪70年代以来研究区大部分河流的年径流量呈现上升趋势;(2)研究区各水体大部分为碱性,各水体主导阴阳离子为HCO₃^-和Ca²⁺和Na⁺,水化学类型多为HCO₃^--Ca²⁺型,且受岩石风化控制影响大;河水TDS呈现相似的季节变化趋势(夏秋低冬春高),而各离子的季节差异显著;(3)除呼图壁河外,区域河水的δ¹⁸O呈现出夏秋低冬春高的季节变化特征;(4)研究区地下水、降水和冰川/雪融水对区域径流的年平均贡献分别为42.6%、34.4%和23.0%,区域径流组成存在空...     

桑植以红二六军团长征出发地使其成为俏丽的地名

1935年11月28日,红六军团先后占领了新化、蓝田和锡矿山;红二军团相继占领了溆浦、辰溪和浦市,控制了湘中广大地区。为红二、六军团主力转移到贵州石阡、镇远、黄平地区活动,创建新的根据地奠定了坚实的基础。同时,也使新化、蓝田、锡矿山、溆浦、辰溪和浦市成为红色地名,载入中国革命的史册。红二、六军团由湘西突围到贵州,在靠近乌蒙山的黔西北开创了“长征途中的黄金时代”,蒋介石急调各路兵马围堵而来。     

西北太平洋累积气旋能量的年代际变化

利用1949—2011年CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集,分析了西北太平洋累积气旋能量(ACE)的年代际变化特征。结果表明,西北太平洋热带气旋(ACE)的年代际变化主要分为1957—1967高值期、1976—1986过渡期和1998—2008低值期。其中强热带风暴(STS)、台风(TY)和超强台风(SuperTY),特别超强台风是决定成分。副热带高压偏弱,垂直风切变偏小,低纬度低空正涡度异常偏东以及低纬度海表面温度(SST)正异常偏东等背景场的年代际特征,有利于形成ACE的年代高值期。     

Variability of tropical cyclone in high frequent occurrence regions over the western North Pacific

In this study, three high frequent occurrence regions of tropical cyclones(TCs), i.e., the northern South China Sea(the region S), the south Philippine Sea(the region P) and the region east of Taiwan Island(the region E), are defined with frequency of TC's occurrence at each grid for a 45-year period(1965–2009), where the frequency of occurrence(FO) of TCs is triple the mean value of the whole western North Pacific. Over the region S, there are decreasing trends in the FO of TCs, the number of TCs' tracks going though this region and the number of TCs' genesis in this region. Over the region P, the FO and tracks demonstrate decadal variation with periods of 10–12 year, while over the region E, a significant 4–5 years' oscillation appears in both FO and tracks. It is demonstrated that the differences of TCs' variation in these three different regions are mainly caused by the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) at different time scales. The westward shift of WPSH is responsible for the northwesterly anomaly over the region S which inhibits westward TC movement into the region S. On the decadal timescale, the WPSH stretches northwestward because of the anomalous anticyclone over the northwestern part of the region P, and steers more TCs reaching the region P in the greater FO years of the region P. The retreating of the WPSH on the interannual time scale is the main reason for the FO's oscillation over the region E.     

耕地保护在路上——广西河池市耕地保护工作探索略记

正河池市地处广西西北边陲,这里山岭绵亘,岩溶广布,特殊的岩溶地貌造就了独特的自然环境,也使得这里的耕地资源极其稀缺。然而,正是在这种"不具任何优势"的自然环境下,河池市自2008年起连续7年通过广西壮族自治区人民政府耕地保护责任制考核,其中有6年被评为"优秀"等级,并连续16年实现耕地占补平衡,走出了一条具有自己特色的耕地保护之路。     

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall （EASR） is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode （2DLM）, accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal vari- ance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data. This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet-Huaihe- River-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr pe- riod. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a telecon- nection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.     

中国近海浮游桡足类中华哲水蚤（Calanussinicus Brodsky）的分子系统地理学和种群遗传结构研究

Planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus is the dominant meso-zooplankton in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. To better understand its population dynamics and phylogeographic patterns, 243 C. sinicus individuals were collected from seven locations across the shelf waters of China and its population genetics was studied by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI) sequences analyses. Thirty-nine different sequences, or haplotypes, were detected with moderate haplotype diversity(h=0.749) and low nucleotide diversity(π=0.003) for all populations. The evolutionary divergence between geographic populations varied from 0.24% to 0.37%, indicative of very limited genetic differentiation. Visualized minimum spanning network(MSN) and phylogenetic analysis of all the detected haplotypes did not reveal any clear phylogeographic pattern. Furthermore, AMOVA data showed no significant spatial population differentiation existed among the individuals collected across China shelf waters. Pairwise FST values showed that population collected from northwest of the East China Sea(ECS) displayed a low difference to other populations. Mismatch distribution analyses and neutrality tests indicated that C. sinicus might undergo a demographic/population expansion. No significant population genetic structuring was detected, indicating an extensive gene flow among the C. sinicus populations. Our results provide molecular evidence for the hypothesis that C. sinicus in the northwestern South China Sea in winter is transported from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea by the China Coastal Current during the northeast monsoon period.     

CMIP5/AMIP GCM simulations of East Asian summer monsoon

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is a distinctive component of the Asian climate system and critically influences the economy and society of the region.To understand the ability of AGCMs in capturing the major features of EASM,10 models that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5/AMIP）,which used observational SST and sea ice to drive AGCMs during the period 1979-2008,were evaluated by comparing with observations and AMIP Ⅱ simulations.The results indicated that the multi-model ensemble （MME） of CMIP5/AMIP captures the main characteristics of precipitation and monsoon circulation,and shows the best skill in EASM simulation,better than the AMIP Ⅱ MME.As for the Meiyu/Changma/Baiyu rainbelt,the intensity of rainfall is underestimated in all the models.The biases are caused by a weak western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） and accompanying eastward southwesterly winds in group Ⅰ models,and by a too strong and west-extended WPSH as well as westerly winds in group Ⅱ models.Considerable systematic errors exist in the simulated seasonal migration of rainfall,and the notable northward jumps and rainfall persistence remain a challenge for all the models.However,the CMIP5/AMIP MME is skillful in simulating the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI）.     

The 30–60-day Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Subtropical Western North Pacific during the Summer of 1998简

The features of 30-60-day convection oscillations over the subtropical western North Pacific （WNP） were investigated, along with the degree of tropical-subtropical linkage between the oscillations over the WNP during summer 1998. It was found that 30-60-day oscillations were extremely strong in that summer over both the subtropical and tro]~ical WNP, providing a unique opportunity to study the behavior of subtropical oscillations and their relationship to tropical oscillations. Further analyses indicated that 30-60-day oscillations propagate westwards over the subtropical WNP and reach eastern China. In addition, 30-60-day oscillations in the subtropics are affected by those over the South China Sea （SCS） and tropical WNP through two mechanisms： （1） direct propagation from the tropics into the subtropics; and （2） a seesaw pattern between the tropics and subtropics, with the latter being predominant.     

中建西北院预制耗能墙技术获国家专利

近日,中国建筑西北设计研究院（以下简称“中建西北院”）申请的专利技术“预制纤维增强混凝土耗能墙“获得国家知识产权局授权。预制纤维增强混凝土耗能墙由工程纤维增强水泥基复合材料（ECC）预制而成,其延性、耗能能力是普通混凝土墙的2倍～3倍,可作为抗侧力耗能构件安装于主体结构所需部位。由于耗能墙在主体完工后安装,不承担竖向荷载,其截面尺寸较小,具有布置灵活、不影响建筑美观及使用功能、价格低廉、低碳环保的优势,能够有效地解决混凝土结构设计过程中诸如结构扭转不规则、竖向不规则、剪重比不足、框架一剪力墙（核心筒）结构中外框分配剪力不足等一系列问题,可作为屈曲约束支撑的中端替代产品（价格约为屈曲约束支撑的1／3）,应用范围十分广阔。