菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)漆酶型酚氧化酶的纯化及特性分析

采用非变性电泳结合特异性底物发色方法从菲律宾蛤仔血细胞中分离出一种酚氧化酶,研究了该酶的酶促反应动力学参数,金属离子、抑制剂对酶活的影响。结果表明,分离获得的酚氧化酶分子量约为563kDa;对底物邻苯二酚、左旋多巴(L-DOPA)、多巴胺、对苯二酚的米氏常数Km分别为0.42、1.60、1.79和1.76mmol/L;酶的活性在Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+和Ca2+浓度为5、10、20、30mmol/L时受到抑制;酶的活性可被抑制剂抗坏血酸、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DETC)、半胱氨酸、亚硫酸钠、柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)、叠氮钠和硫代尿素等抑制。根据底物特异性、抑制剂等结果,所分离获得的酚氧化酶属于漆酶型的含铜酚氧化酶。     

中国人的自信从何而来

某所大学请我去演讲,我问了大学生一个问题:作为中国人,你有自豪感吗?大家一致回答,有!我问:那到底是什么让你产生这种自豪感的呢?有人回答是长江、长城,也有回答是经济的高速发展、5000年的文明、文字,奥运、火箭升空……我紧接着又问:假如清晨醒来,你突然发现自己变成了一个菲律宾人,你还会为自己感到自豪吗?或者,你变成了一个卢旺达人,生活在非洲,经历过种族屠杀,经常处于饥饿状态,此时,你还能够     

pH胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)耗氧率、排氨率、免疫和抗氧化酶活性以及组织形态的影响

随着人类工业迅速发展, CO2大量排放,引起了海洋的酸化效应,不仅导致了全球气候变暖,也严重危害了海洋生物的生态健康。以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,研究pH变化对菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率、排氨率、鳃组织结构以及鳃和内脏团的免疫、抗氧化酶活性的影响。将菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水(pH 6.4、7.1和7.7)中,以自然海水(pH 8.1)为对照。结果表明:耗氧率和排氨率随着pH的升高或降低而降低,在pH=8时达到最大值; 6.4酸化组蛤仔鳃组织结构损伤严重,鳃丝间距扩大,纤毛黏合;鳃组织碱性磷酸酶(AKP)第42天所有酸化组活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 7.7酸化组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);内脏团7.1和7.7酸化组LZM活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),...     

2022年夏季我国气候异常特征及成因分析北大核心CSCD

2022年夏季我国气候异常特征突出,区域性、阶段性旱涝灾害明显,降水空间差异显著。利用观测资料和再分析数据,基于合成和相关分析等方法,总结和探讨东亚夏季风和我国气候异常特征及可能成因。结果表明:2022年东亚夏季风季节进程总体提前,南海夏季风爆发偏早,华南前汛期、西南雨季、江南和长江中下游梅雨、华北和东北雨季开始均较常年偏早。2022年夏季我国气候总体温高雨少,全国平均气温为1961年以来历史同期最高,全国平均降水量为历史同期第二少,盛夏长江流域发生破纪录的高温伏旱。夏季降水异常的阶段性特征显著,6月上中旬主雨带位于华南,6月下旬至8月,随西太平洋副热带高压明显北跳,多雨区北移至华北、黄淮、东北、西北地区东部等地,我国东部地区降水呈“北多南少”分布。2022年夏季气候异常与海温等外强迫因子密切相关。La Ni?a事件在春季再次发展,赤道中太平洋冷海温加强和海洋性大陆上空对流活跃,热带印度洋偶极子负位相异常偏强,黑潮及延伸区海温偏暖,导致西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸和北抬,对夏季主雨带位置偏北和长江流域持续性异常高温天气起到重要作用。     

Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on Arsenic Mobility in a Philippine Geothermal Field

Arsenic is usually associated with sulphide minerals formed in the geothermal environment. However, sulphide minerals are prone to dissolution after contact with meteoric water under surface oxidizing conditions. Secondary precipitates that form from the dissolution of the primary sulfides exert a greater influence on arsenic mobility in the geothermal environment. Fe-hydroxides have very good affinity with dissolved arsenate and are stable under most surface oxidizing conditions. Both amorphous silica directly precipitated from geothermal fluids and possibly a kaolinite alteration can host a small significant amount of arsenic. These silicates are also more stable under a wide range of pH and redox conditions.     

北黄海菲律宾蛤仔帕金虫流行病害的研究

2000年7-11月,对我国北黄海沿岸滩涂增养殖的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum大规模死亡进行了研究,并对病害暴发与温度、盐度的相关性进行了探讨.利用FTM培养和组织切片方法对病害流行海域的菲律宾蛤仔进行了检测.结果表明,蛤仔体内寄生了大量病原帕金虫Perkinsus sp,感染率为20%-100%,感染强度为3-3 565 936cell/ind或2-1 670 615cell/g组织.感染强度与蛤仔大小有关,个体越小,感染程度越轻.经感染试验,进一步确定了帕金虫大量繁殖是引起蛤仔大规模死亡的原因.病害始于7月下旬,止于10月下旬;最初暴发于庄河栗子房海域,尔后逐渐向东西两侧海域蔓延.病害暴发时机主要受温度影响,高于20℃易于暴发帕金虫病害;流行范围主要受盐度影响,盐度为20-32海域适宜帕金虫病害的流行.     

Multi-scale variation characteristics of polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere

By use of 1948-2007 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly geopotential data, a set of circulation indices are defined to characterize the polar vortex at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, including area-(S), intensity-(P) and centre position-(λc , φc) indices. Sea-sonal variation, interannual anomalies and their possible causes of 10 hPa polar vortex in the Southern Hemisphere are analyzed by using these indices, the relationship between 10 hPa polar vortex strength and the Antarctic Oscillation are analyzed as well. The results show that: (1) the polar region at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by anticyclone (cyclone) from Dec. to Jan. (from Mar. to Oct.), Feb. and Nov. are circulation transition seasons. (2) Intensity index (P) and area index (S) of anticy-clone (cyclone) in Jan. (Jul.) show a significant spike in the late 1970s, the anticyclone (cyclone) enhances (weakens) from ex-tremely weak (strong) oscillation to near the climatic mean before a spike, anticyclone tends to the mean state from very strong oscillation and cyclone oscillates in the weaker state after the spike. (3) There is significant interdecadal change for the anticyclone center in Jan., while markedly interannual variation for cyclone center in July. (4) The ozone anomalies can cause the interannual anomaly of the polar anticyclone at 10 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere in Jan. (positive correlation between them), but it is not related to the polar cyclone anomalies. (5) There is notable negative correlation between the polar vortex intensity index P and the Antarctic Oscillation index (AAOI), thus AAOI can be represented by P.     

海南岛以东外海的暖涡

本文对出现的海南岛以东外海的暖涡及其形成机制作了简略的回顾及分析，认为这个暖涡是常常出现在这区域的，其存在与南海北部的西向流在遇到陆架－陆坡海域作反气旋式偏转而延伸为南海暖流有关；同时当南海暖流流向东北作反气旋式弯曲时，在暖流右侧也会出现暖涡。暖涡冬季较弱，夏季当海南岛东岸在西南风作用下出现上升流时会得到加强。