建设生态文明期待“真刀实枪”

正朋友圈身边人写身边事历经110多年历史沧桑的"世界锑都",再次聚焦了国家和省市各级领导的目光,先后纳入资源枯竭型城市、湘江重金属污染治理一号工程等范畴,在阵痛后迎来曙光。去年8月8日,杜家毫省长视察锡矿山,要求加大该地区综合整治与转型发展力度,促进安全发展、绿色发展,打造全省"两型社会"示范区。今年6月5日,省国土资源厅方先知厅长率队督导锡矿山地区环境整治工作,要求加强地质环境治理和生态建设,维护当地群     

大地作证——泸溪县国土资源局工作侧记

正行走在泸溪城乡,只见平畴纵横,沃野披绿,农村面貌焕然一新,工业园区宽阔无垠,新城高楼林立……是什么大手笔使得泸溪变得人在景中、景在城中、城在画中?近年来,泸溪县国土资源局强管控、调结构、抓升级,在这片土地上,用辛勤与智慧之笔,绘就了一幅幅恢弘的发展蓝图。强管控,打造土地生态安全屏障     

对话柳思维：首倡者的大湖思考

随着国家对洞庭湖生态经济区规划的正式批复,＂柳思维＂这个名字开始更多地见诸报端和屏幕。这位身兼湖南商学院经济研究所所长、湖南省政府参事、国务院特殊津贴专家等多重头衔的学者被认为是＂环洞庭湖经济区＂概念最早提出人。1996年的湖南省政协七届四次会议上,柳思维撰写的《关于建设湘北环洞庭湖经济带的几个问题》的调研报告中提出要使环洞庭湖经济带“成为湖南省内继长株潭之后经济最具活力的地带之一”,“成为我省世纪之交和21世纪实施开放带动、兴工强农战略的示范区。”该文入选1997年长江流域经济研讨会,后被选入由湖南省社科联组织编写的《湖南跨世纪发展战略》一书。现在来看,当时文中提出的一些见解和对策今天仍有现实意义。     

Soil and vegetation seasonal changes in the grazing Andean Mountain grasslands

Andean grasslands ecosystems are fragile environments with rigorous climatologic conditions and low and variable food for the grazing. The Apolobamba area is located in the Bolivian Andean Mountains. Its high grasslands provide a natural habitat for wild and domestic camelids such as vicuna（Vicugna vicugna） and alpaca（Lama pacos）. The botanical diversity plays an essential role in maintaining vital ecosystem functions. The objectives of this research were to determine the seasonal changes in soil properties, to study the vegetation changes during the wet and dry seasons and the influence of soil properties and camelid densities on the vegetation in the Apolobamba grasslands. Four zones with different vicuna populations were selected to be studied. The following soil parameters were determined： total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, pH and texture. The vegetation season changes were studied through botanical identification, above-ground biomass, plant cover and species richness. Results showed that some soil properties such as C/N ratio, CEC, silt and clay percentages kept stable against the seasonal changes. Generally, soil nutrients were relatively higher during the dry season in the surface and subsurface. The results did not point out the predominant vegetation growth during the wet season. The seasonal vegetation growth depended on each species. Thegood soil fertility corresponded to the highest plant cover. Soil fertility presented no influence on the above-ground biomass of the collected species. The negative influence of camelid grazing on soil properties could not be assessed. However, overgrazing could affect some plant species. Therefore, protection is needed in order to preserve the biodiversity in the Andean mountain grasslands.     

Higher species diversity occurs in more fertile habitats without fertilizer disturbance in an alpine natural grassland community

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands？ Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, and available potassium （AK） in the high alpine grasslands. Margalefs species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef＇s richness index. Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.     

做好加减乘除 专心技术支撑简

《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出了全面深化改革的总目标,对经济体制、政治体制、文化体制、社会体制、生态文明体制和党的建设制度改革进行了全面部署,是全面深化改革的总部署、总动员。《决定》涉及国土资源管理的内容十分丰富,     

贵州开阳磷矿开采对洋水河放射性核素的影响评价

为探究磷矿资源采选对矿区周围水体天然放射性核素的影响,以贵州开阳磷矿洋水矿区洋水河为研究对象,测试和分析了河水及表层沉积物中铀和钍的质量浓度、质量分数和分布特征,并运用潜在生态危害指数法对沉积物中的铀进行生态风险评价。结果表明:受磷矿资源采选活动影响,洋水河河水中铀的平均质量浓度(0.958 44ng·mL-1)明显高于中国部分河水中铀的平均质量浓度,钍在河水中的质量浓度极低,接近于0,钍不易富集在河水中而铀易于富集;矿井冷却水中铀的质量浓度为2.87ng·mL-1,是河水中铀平均质量浓度的2.99倍,表层沉积物中铀平均质量分数为4.95×10-6,是中国水系沉积物背景平均值的2.24倍,钍的平均质量分数为5.43×10-6,低于中国水系沉积物元素背景平均值,钍和铀在沉积物中均有富集且富集程度相当;沉积物中铀的平均污染指数和潜在生态危害指数分别为1.06和5.30,总体上属于中等污染水平,其潜在生态风险程度为中等。     

北京：划定水土保持生态红线

近日,北京市法制办公布《北京市水土保持条例（送审稿）》（以下简称《条例》）,即日起至7月22日向社会征集意见。《条例》划定水土保持生态红线．将崩塌滑坡危险区、泥石流易发区、生态公益林、湿地、绿道郊野公园等纳入城乡总体规划的禁建区、限建区范围。《条例》要求,市水行政部门应当每5年组织对全市进行一次水土流失调查并公告调查结果。针对重大自然灾害造成严重水土流失的,水行政部门应当及时开展水土流失情况调查。     

生态阻力面模型构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用

本文将城市扩展视为城市用地克服生态阻力向外扩散的过程,基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR)进行方法创新,在模型中引入不同等级源的相对阻力因子,并考虑生态障碍对于城市扩展的刚性约束,构建适合于城市扩展模拟的生态阻力面模型(UEER)。在此基础上,利用广州市土地利用第二次调查数据、遥感影像数据、DEM数据以及其他生态要素相关数据,通过源的确定与分级、基面阻力综合评价、UEER模型运算等步骤,构建了广州市城市扩展的生态阻力面,并用于模拟城市用地扩展至不同规模情景时的空间分布及边界。结果表明:①通过UEER模型生成的生态阻力面能够综合反映城市扩展水平过程所需克服的生态阻力,因此能够反映生态约束下城市扩展的空间运动趋势,可以用于城市扩展模拟。②与基于MCR模型的模拟结果相比,基于UEER模型的模拟结果更加符合实际并体现生态保护的要求。从城市扩展的规模与强度控制看,模拟结果更加符合实际需求,并体现政策调控方向。从城市形态以及与生态要素的关系看,一些重要的生态要素在快速城市化进程中能够得以保留,同时生态障碍作为生态隔离,能够有效地防止城市的蔓延式扩展,从而使城市扩展表现出明显的组团式特征。     

土地经济生态位变化下的城乡空间景观格局表征——以广东省惠州市为例

土地利用变化对生物多样性和生态过程有着深刻的影响,与城乡景观格局变化密切相关。尝试将土地利用变化驱动力——土地经济生态位的理论和方法引入到景观生态学当中,为城乡空间景观格局空间表征提供新的方法。通过选取表征景观格局指标的破碎化指数、分形维数,利用Envi4.8、Arcmap10.0,Fragstasts4.1等软件,以广东省惠州市为例,在分析土地经济生态位与景观类型、景观指数之间的关系基础上,对土地经济生态位变化下的城乡空间景观格局进行表征。结果表明:不同景观土地面积数量的增减与该类型土地经济生态位升降具有一致性的规律,土地经济生态位上升,相应的景观土地面积增大,反之则减小;土地经济生态位越小,表征景观格局的景观破碎化指数、分维数指数越大,破碎化指数与分维数指数的增减与土地经济生态位升降表现出一致性的规律,土地经济生态位上升,相应的破碎化指数、分维数指数则增大,反之则减小;城乡空间景观格局变化的发生主要出现在土地经济生态位高的区域。土地经济生态位的变化是城乡景观格局变化的重要影响因子,能够很好解释城乡空间景观格局特征。