波浪作用下基于不同负载的一种Savonius型水轮机捕能性能研究

通过水轮机捕能是当前常用的海洋能利用方式之一。桨叶作为水轮机关键部件,其性能一直是研究的重点。针对目前波浪条件下带负载运转的Savonius型水轮机相关捕能性能研究较少的情况,采用数值仿真方法,结合对应工况条件的物理试验,研究了一种Savonius型水轮机在不同波浪环境下带负载运转的捕能性能。采用Star CCM+仿真软件,建立数值波浪水池,设置环境参数,划分网格调整变量进行水轮机运转的水动力模型数值研究。在造波试验水池中利用推板改变波浪周期与波高,进行水轮机运转的物理试验。采集在不同负载下水轮机桨叶的转速和扭矩数据,计算并分析功率等参数,总结变化趋势,评价捕能效果。研究发现水轮机在1.6 s的波浪周期条件下,桨叶承受1.5 N·m负载时达到最佳捕能效果,其功率为23 W。为实际海域中水轮机桨叶的结构设计研究和相关工程应用提供参考。     

基于能量转化的河南省作物秸秆养畜潜力研究

作物秸秆同传统农产品一样都是重要的农业产出品,但目前相当部分秸秆资源处于被废弃或利用低效状态。基于生态学能量转换理论定量估算河南省秸秆养畜生产潜力,研究结果表明:2012年河南省未利用的作物秸秆能量可以转化为肉类食品2.80×106t,相当于节约粮食1.87×107t,可见河南省作物秸秆养畜潜力较大。但是,当前关键问题是如何从技术和经济方面提高农产品生物量的综合利用率和农户秸秆养畜的积极性。同时,河南秸秆养畜潜力在空间分布上呈不均衡的地域边缘属性特征,各地作物秸秆资源在数量上表现出南北、东西和区位差异,全省西部地区、郑州及其周边地区适宜饲料加工的秸秆资源相对贫乏。     

西北太平洋累积气旋能量的年代际变化

利用1949—2011年CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集,分析了西北太平洋累积气旋能量(ACE)的年代际变化特征。结果表明,西北太平洋热带气旋(ACE)的年代际变化主要分为1957—1967高值期、1976—1986过渡期和1998—2008低值期。其中强热带风暴(STS)、台风(TY)和超强台风(SuperTY),特别超强台风是决定成分。副热带高压偏弱,垂直风切变偏小,低纬度低空正涡度异常偏东以及低纬度海表面温度(SST)正异常偏东等背景场的年代际特征,有利于形成ACE的年代高值期。     

港池泊稳的能量平衡方程数值模拟

对基于能量平衡方程的多向随机波浪传播数学模型进行改进,通过模拟不同防波堤绕射引起的港池泊稳,验证模型的合理性和有效性。利用非线性弥散关系提高模型计算浅水变形的精度;采用二次逆风差分格式离散控制方程,避免了加入绕射项引起的数值耗散;并将文氏谱加入模型中,使其更加适合中国海域的工程应用。应用改进后模型绘制的双突堤和岛式防波堤绕射系数图与我国《海港水文规范》图进行了对比。对比结果十分接近,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况,为综合计算波浪在近岸的浅水变形、折射、绕射、反射和能量耗散等作用奠定了基础。     

Dynamic response analysis of a floating mooring system

An innovative floating mooring system with two or more independent floating mooring platforms in the middle and one rigid platform on each side is proposed for improving efficiency and safety in shallow water. For this new system, most of collision energy is absorbed through the displacement of floating platforms. In order to illustrate the validity of the system, a series of model tests were conducted at a scale of 1:40. The coupled motion characteristics of the floating mooring platforms were discussed under regular and irregular waves, and the influences of wave direction and other characteristics on dynamic response of the system were analyzed. The results show that the mooring system is safest at 0° of wave incident angle, whereas the most dangerous mooring state occurs at 90° of wave incident angle. Motion responses increase with the increase of wave height, but are not linearly related to changes in wave height.     

高频表面波对定常Ekman流解的影响

基于Jenkins(1989)建立的包含Stokes漂流、风输入和波耗散影响的修正Ekman模型,采用Paskyabi等(2012)使用的推广的Donelan等(1987)中的谱和波耗散函数,并利用Paskyabi等(2012)中修正方法给出的包含高频波的风输入函数,在粘性不依赖于水深及粘性随深度线性变化的条件下,研究了包含高频毛细重力波的随机表面波对Stokes漂流和Song(2009)导出的波浪修正定常Ekman流解的影响。结果表明高频表面波使Stokes漂流在海表面剪切加强,对定常Ekamn流解的影响通常不能忽略,但对Ekman流场的角度偏转影响很小。最后,将考虑高频表面波尾谱影响所估算的定常Ekman流解与已有观测结果以及经典Ekman解进行了比对分析。     

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅱ. Numerical diffusion/diffusivity and gravitational potential energy change due to isopycnal diffusion

Study of oceanic circulation and climate requires models which can simulate tracer eddy diffusion and ad vection accurately. It is shown that the traditional Eulerian coordinates can introduce large artificial hori zontal diffusivity/viscosity due to the incorrect alignment of the axis. Therefore, such models can smear sharp fronts and introduce other numerical artifacts. For simulation with relatively low resolution, large lateral diffusion was explicitly used in models; therefore, such numerical diffusion may not be a problem. However, with the increase of horizontal resolution, the artificial diffusivity/viscosity associated with hori zontal advection in the commonly used Eulerian coordinates may become one of the most challenging ob stacles for modeling the ocean circulation accurately. Isopycnal eddy diffusion （mixing） has been widely used in numerical models. The common wisdom is that mixing along isopycnal is energy free. However, a careful examination reveals that this is not the case. In fact, eddy diffusion can be conceptually separated into two steps： stirring and subscale diffusion. Due to the thermobaric effect, stirring, or exchanging water masses, along isopycnal surface is associated with the change of GPE in the mean state. This is a new type of instability, called the thermobaric instability. In addition, due to cabbeling subscale diffusion of water parcels always leads to the release of GPE. The release of GPE due to isopycnal stirring and subscale diffusion may lead to the thermobaric instability.     

直驱式波浪能转换系统的研究和性能优化

A direct-drive wave energy conversion system based on a three-phase permanent magnet tubular linear generator （PMTLG） and a heaving buoy is proposed to convert wave energy into electrical energy. Sufficient experimental methods are adopted to compare the computer simulations, the validity of which is verified by the experiment results from a wave tank laboratory. In the experiment, the motion curves of heaving buoy are with small fluctuations, mainly caused by the PMTLG＇s detent force. For the reduction of these small fluctuations and a maximum operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system, the PMTLG＇s detent force minimization technique and the heaving buoy optimization will be discussed. It is discovered that the operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system increases dramatically after optimization. The experiment and optimization results will provide useful reference for the future research on ocean wave energy conversion system.     

SWAN模式对陆架浅水区有效波高的模拟研究及改进

验证了QSCAT/NCEP混合风场,并将其作为SWAN模式的驱动风场。以南黄海海域作为目标区域,对SWAN模式在陆架浅水区有效波高的模拟能力进行了研究。研究表明,默认参数下SWAN模式计算的有效波高较JASON-1卫星高度计数据偏小,最大偏差达0.6 m。通过对SWAN模式中各物理过程的分析,确定模式计算值偏小的原因是白浪耗散过大。采用参数修正法对白浪耗散项进行改进,将SWAN模式计算有效波高的均方根误差降低到0.16 m以下,相关系数提高到0.85以上。选择2002年中具有代表性的4个月对改进后SWAN模式进行验证,结果显示SWAN模式在研究区域具有良好的稳定性和适用性。     

海洋能能量转换计算及微观场址布局方法简述

地球表面积的71%是海洋,巨大的海洋能储量为开发利用海洋能资源提供了优良条件,海洋能发电作为海洋能开发利用的主要方式备受关注,海洋能能量转换及微观场址布局直接关系电站的运行效益,国内外众多专家、学者进行了多年的研究和探索,但目前尚未形成公认的、较成熟的评估方法。通过对国内外已有研究成果的总结归纳,介绍了波浪能、潮流能能量转换计算软件的使用对象、计算原理及功能,概述了微观场址布局方面国内外已有的计算方法和相应原理等,为今后海洋能开发利用研究提供一些思路和参考。