基于扩展型双曲缓坡方程波浪传播模型

在时域缓坡方程中,引入非线性修正项、高阶地形影响项以及能量耗散项,推导得出扩展型双曲缓坡方程。基于该方程,利用ADI格式建立波浪传播数学模型,并应用于椭圆形浅滩、Bragg反射正弦沙涟地形以及斜坡地形的波浪传播计算,计算结果与试验数据均吻合良好,表明该模型能够对近岸波浪的折射、绕射、反射、浅水变形、弱非线性、陡变地形影响以及破碎进行较好地模拟。     

兰州市南山绿化地裸地冬季地表辐射及能量收支对比

利用2005年12月7~29日在兰州市皋兰山顶获取的地气相互作用观测资料,对比分析了冬季典型晴天和平均状态下绿化地与裸地地表辐射、能量收支及土壤温、湿度的日变化特征。结果表明:绿化地和裸地太阳总辐射、大气长波辐射很接近,地表短波和长波向上辐射因不同下垫面特征不同而差异较大;地表能量平衡绿化地、裸地均以感热输送为主,土壤热通量和潜热输送很小,尤其是潜热通量,峰值往往不超过10 W.m-2;观测发现绿化地感热比裸地高,这一反常现象值得进一步研究证实;观测期平均特征与晴天比较接近,表明云和降雪的扰动影响有限;绿化地、裸地地表日平均反照率相对稳定,绿化地日平均反照率在0.20~0.28之间变化,裸地在0.25~0.31之间变化,平均值分别为0.21和0.29。     

波浪破碎下湍流混合的实验研究

波浪破碎过程产生的湍流动量和能量垂向输运对于加快海洋上混合层中垂向混合具有显著效果.采用二维实验室水槽中对波浪破碎过程进行模拟.对采集的波浪振幅时间序列采用希尔伯特变换定位破碎波位置,波浪的破碎率随有效波高的增加而增大,波浪谱分析得到的波浪基本周期与有效周期结果相似.实验中采用粒子图像测速技术(particle ima...     

双能量CT虚拟单能量成像在鉴别脊柱急慢性压缩骨折中的应用价值

目的:探讨双能量CT虚拟单能量成像在鉴别脊柱急慢性压缩骨折中的应用价值.方法:收集85例脊柱压缩性骨折患者行双能量CT及MRI检查并进行回顾性分析,其中50例急性压缩性骨折(共60个椎体)、35例慢性压缩性骨折(共48个椎体).所有病灶椎体均有MRI诊断结果作为参照.将双能量CT图像数据进行虚拟单能量重建,分别得到40...     

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.     

Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.     

钢框架-钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的地震能量反应分析

以17个钢框架-钢筋混凝土剪力墙混合结构为样本,选取结构自振周期T和结构刚度特征值λ作为分析参数,分析它们在不同类型地震动下的地震能量反应。研究表明,混合结构体系在地震作用下总输入能的大小主要与结构的自振周期以及地震动类型有关,剪力墙与钢框架之间的刚度关系对总输入能影响不大;总输入能等效速度谱的形态受地震动类型的影响很大,同一地震动作用下,幅值与等效速度谱值之间基本能够维持线性增长的关系,但随着结构塑性发展的加剧,这种线性增长关系的离散度会变大;在结构自振周期不变化的前提下,结构的滞回耗能比以及底部剪力墙承担滞回耗能的比例都会随结构刚度比的增大而减小。     

基于不同摩擦系数水平的滑移隔震体系的相对输入能量与绝对输入能量的差异性分析

定义了能量变化率指标,以简谐激励作用下的滑移隔震结构为例,探讨了摩擦系数对滑移隔震结构能量变化率指标的影响,通过对这些能量指标的研究,分析了系统的相对输入能量和绝对输入能量的差异性随摩擦系数的变化规律,为后续研究提供理论依据。     

复合酶制剂和复合菌制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、体生化组成及能量收支的影响

本实验以初始体重(2.05±0.05)g凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,通过为期45 d饲喂添加不同微生态制剂的对虾饲料,研究不同微生态制剂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、体生化组成、能量平衡的影响。分别设计了1个对照组和3个处理组,其中,A为对照组,投喂基础饲料;B为基础饲料+酶制剂(消化酶和非淀粉多糖酶等复合酶);C为基础饲料+复合菌制剂组(复合菌由嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和粪链球菌构成);D为基础饲料+复合菌酶制剂(主要由嗜酸乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和粪链球菌复合菌与消化酶和非淀粉多糖酶等复合酶)。研究结果显示：(1)饲料酶制剂和菌制剂均可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,菌酶复合制剂组效果最好(P<0.05);(2)菌制剂和菌酶复合制剂可显著提高对虾体蛋白质含量,且菌酶制剂会降低虾体水分含量(P<0.05);(3)饲料添加酶制剂和菌制剂可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的摄食能,生长能,呼吸能和蜕壳能,其中菌酶混合制剂组各能值含量最高(P<0.05)。菌酶混合制剂组对虾生长能占摄食能比例、蜕壳能占摄食能比例显著高于其他三组,且呼吸能占...     

海洋启发的造车灵感

箱鲀:独一无二的汽车研发项目模型箱鲀生活在热带地区海洋中的珊瑚礁及海草丛中,在这些地方生活,需要箱鲀具有类似汽车的一些功能。它们需要保存体力,在运动时尽可能少的消耗能量,这就需要它们具备强有力的肌肉以及流线型的外形;它们还必须经得起高水压,并在碰撞中保护自己的身体不受伤害,这就需要它们拥有坚硬的外皮;它们还需要钻进狭窄的地方觅食,这则需要良好的机动性。