平行轮廓线自适应插值的三维表面重构算法

针对稀疏点轮廓线在三维表面重构中存在的不够光滑、匹配易出错和难以交互等问题,提出了基于轮廓线插值的三维表面重构方法,并通过实验进行验证。文章分析了三维表面重构的形式化表达方法和准则,提出了基于虚跨距解决稀疏点轮廓线三维重构的基本思想;基于同步前进算法和虚跨距,设计了自适应等比例插值的同步前进三角面镶嵌算法;针对轮廓线插值违背三角表面重构拓扑准则的规律进行了分析,提出了相应的修正算法,保证了三角网的拓扑一致性。试验结果表明:本算法所构建的三角网表面更为光滑,各个三角面的大小更为均匀,具有更好的鲁棒性和交互性,对稀疏和稠密坐标点的轮廓线均能构建出更为理想的三维表面模型。     

南京周家山下蜀黄土石英颗粒特征及其物源意义

下蜀黄土的成因和物源一直是学术界研究的热点。对南京周家山下蜀黄土的石英粒度和石英表面微结构进行分析,结果显示:粉砂粒级石英颗粒（5~50 μm）占绝对优势;<20 μm组分平均含量为42.76%,<30 μm组分平均含量为62.98%;粒度分布曲线和累积曲线总体具有颗粒偏细,呈正偏态,分选较差,峰形尖锐,双峰曲线不对称的特征;粒级-标准偏差曲线呈“双峰”分布,两个明显的标准偏差峰值分别出现在7.962 1 μm和39.905 2 μm。石英颗粒表面形态主要以次棱角状为主;表面机械结构具有丰富的蝶形坑、曲脊、贝壳状断口,部分表面出现平行节理面、V形坑;不同粒级组分表面形态和机械结构特征存在差异。分析表明,南京周家山下蜀黄土属典型风成成因堆积物,是多源区物质高度混合搬运堆积的结果。     

A synthetic aperture radar sea surface distribution estimation by n-order Bézier curve and its application in ship detection

To dates,most ship detection approaches for single-pol synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery try to ensure a constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).A high performance ship detector relies on two key components:an accurate estimation to a sea surface distribution and a fine designed CFAR algorithm.First,a novel nonparametric sea surface distribution estimation method is developed based on n-order Bézier curve.To estimate the sea surface distribution using n-order Bézier curve,an explicit analytical solution is derived based on a least square optimization,and the optimal selection also is presented to two essential parameters,the order n of Bézier curve and the number m of sample points.Next,to validate the ship detection performance of the estimated sea surface distribution,the estimated sea surface distribution by n-order Bézier curve is combined with a cell averaging CFAR(CA-CFAR).To eliminate the possible interfering ship targets in background window,an improved automatic censoring method is applied.Comprehensive experiments prove that in terms of sea surface estimation performance,the proposed method is as good as a traditional nonparametric Parzen window kernel method,and in most cases,outperforms two widely used parametric methods,K and G0 models.In terms of computation speed,a major advantage of the proposed estimation method is the time consuming only depended on the number m of sample points while independent of imagery size,which makes it can achieve a significant speed improvement to the Parzen window kernel method,and in some cases,it is even faster than two parametric methods.In terms of ship detection performance,the experiments show that the ship detector which constructed by the proposed sea surface distribution model and the given CA-CFAR algorithm has wide adaptability to different SAR sensors,resolutions and sea surface homogeneities and obtains a leading performance on the test dataset.     

基于SMOS卫星数据的海表面盐度模型

海表面盐度是研究海洋对全球气候影响以及大洋环流的重要参量之一,而卫星遥感技术是获取海表面盐度数据的最有效方法.目前,L波段的SMOS和Aquarius/SAC-D遥感卫星正在用于探测海表面盐度,并根据卫星观测数据和物理机制反演出海表面盐度的产品.但在某些近陆地区域,由于淡水流入及陆地射频(RFI)等因素影响,卫星反演盐度的产品精度较低.文中利用“东方红2号”科学考察船的实测数据、SMOS卫星数据,首次针对中国南海海域提出了用贝叶斯网络模型计算海表面盐度,并用验证数据集(实测Argo盐度)对模型进行适应性评估.经过计算,模型误差和验证误差分别为0.47 psu和0.45 psu,而相应的SMOS Level 2产品的精度分别为1.90 psu和1.82 psu.此模型为海表面盐度的计算提供了一个新方法.     

中国海域近海面风速未来变化降尺度预估

基于CCMP卫星风场与全球耦合模式GFDL-CM3历史实验期的海表面风场、气压场、温度场等资料,使用经验正交函数和多元回归统计方式,获得高分辨率卫星风场与低分辨率气象要素场两者典型空间模态的长期统计关系,构建了我国海域近海面风速统计降尺度模型,进而结合GFDL-CM3气候模式RCPs情景未来预估数据,降尺度分析了2015-2050年我国海域近海面风速未来变化。结果表明:构建的降尺度模型具有良好模拟能力,模拟与观测风速空间分布相关性R值在0.98以上,风速变化趋势相关性R值在0.97以上,月平均风速模拟均方根误差(RMSE)全海域平均值约为1.32 m/s。我国海域近海面风速在未来35 a可能存在较明显的分时段变化特征,2015-2024年风速下降,2024-2035年风速增加,2035-2050年风速再次下降,同一时段内各海区风速变化趋势相同,但风速降幅或增幅存在差异,南海风速增降幅度较大,东海次之,黄渤海风速增降幅度相对较小。     

大应变静力触探数值模拟及锥形因子影响因素分析

以模拟圆锥在不排水黏土中的静力贯入和分析其影响因素为目标,假设土体为均质弹性—完全塑性材料且服从Mises屈服准则,采用任意拉格朗日—欧拉(ALE)网格划分技术确保锥尖土体在大应变条件下的网格质量,进行大应变有限元数值模拟,并分析了稳定状态下土体刚度指数、原位应力状态和锥尖粗糙程度对塑性区半径与锥形因子的影响,获得了锥形因子表达式。模拟结果表明:塑性区随着刚度指数的增大而增大,锥尖周围塑性区的径向扩张处于柱形孔扩张和球形孔扩张之间,更接近于球形孔扩张;锥形因子随土体刚度指数、锥尖粗糙程度的增大而增大,随土体原位应力状态参数的增大而减小;得到的锥形因子表达式可以量化土体刚度指数、原位应力状态和锥尖粗糙程度的影响,具有较高的精确度。     

Boundary-layer wind structure in a landfalling tropical cyclone

In this study, a slab boundary layer model with a constant depth is used to analyze the boundary-layer wind structure in a landfalling tropical cyclone. Asymmetry is found in both the tangential and radial components of horizontal wind in the tropical cyclone boundary layer at landfall. For a steady tropical cyclone on a straight coastline at landfall, the magnitude of the radial component is greater in the offshoreflow side and the tangential component is greater over the sea, slightly offshore, therefore the greater total wind speed occurs in the offshore-flow side over the sea. The budget analysis suggests that： （1） a greater surface friction over land produces a greater inflow and the nonlinear effect advects the maximum inflow downstream, and （2） a smaller surface friction over the sea makes the decrease of the tangential wind component less than that over land. Moreover, the boundary layer wind structures in a tropical cyclone are related to the locations of the tropical cyclone relative to the coastline due to the different surface frictions. During tropical cyclone landfall, the impact of rough terrain on the cyclone increases, so the magnitude of the radial component of wind speed increases in the offshore-flow side and the tangential component outside the radius of maximum wind speed decreases gradually.     

探秘火星(三)

Q1哪个探测器将深入到火星地下探测?几十年来,人类一直对火星进行探索,之前登陆火星的探测器,如勇气号、机遇号、好奇号等,都是探测火星表面上的火山、峡谷、岩石、土壤的演变历史。只探测地表特征,是无法了解火星早期的演化情况的,因为包含此种信息的样品都深埋于火星地表之下。     

基于DEM分形特征的坡度尺度变换模型

利用DEM提取坡度具有明显的尺度依赖性,探求DEM在不同尺度下表现出的规律关系,建立多尺度变换模型,以实现不同尺度间的转换是地形分析研究的热点和难点。本文阐释了DEM表面与地表粗糙度分形维数值的地学意义及内在关系,并利用分形对象的自相似性原理,建立了一种基于DEM分形特征的坡度尺度变换模型。选取四川丘陵地区某小流域为研究区,进行坡度尺度变换实验和误差分析,结果表明该模型能有效实现坡度尺度变换:在非平坦地区(坡度>1°)一般重采样方法变换得到的坡度误差为该方法的1.86倍;从信息熵理论分析,经该方法转换后的坡度信息得到了显著恢复。对于无1︰1万及以上精度地形数据的西南山区,利用该方法获取高精度坡度数据具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。