标准农田规划空间决策支持模型的研究与实现

在中国工业化与城市化进程加速的背景下,部分地区耕地的质与量难以得到保障,因此迫切需要在平衡粮食安全与经济社会增长的基础上对其做出科学规划,而空间决策支持模型的建立有助于该规划的编制。基于对标准农田规划过程的分析,将模型的概念框架分解为以下三个步骤:①构建标准农田资源评价模型:利用群体层次分析法和土地适应性评价模型评估标准农田资源;②构建标准农田规划备选方案生成模型:采用0￣1整数规划模型生成若干标准农田规划备选方案;③构建标准农田最优规划方案决策模型,采用非确定型决策模型辅助评价选取最优规划方案。文章对概念模型的规范化过程进行详细探讨,最后以浙江省桐庐县石阜镇为实验区,对模型进行实现和初步验证。     

高海况下无人水下航行器的横摇运动分析

为明确高海况下海况等级对无人水下航行器横摇运动的影响,得出满足某型无人水下航行器安全回收的海况条件,对高海况下无人水下航行器的横摇运动进行分析。运用频率响应法,分别在4级、5级和6级海况下,根据海浪谱密度函数和该型航行器的横摇频率响应函数,求得其横摇运动谱密度函数。再运用公式推导,得到其横摇运动的时域函数。使用MATLAB仿真软件对该型航行器进行横摇运动仿真,得到3种海况条件下,其横摇运动的时域函数图像,并验证仿真结果的准确性。仿真结论:高海况下的海况等级对无人水下航行器的横摇幅度有较大影响,满足其安全回收的海况条件为5级海况。     

黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价与保护对策研究

黄河三角洲是中国唯一一块保存最完整、最典型、最年轻的湿地生态系统,由于其地理位置优越、自然资源丰富等特点,在国际上备受关注。该文在已有资料分析、现场地质调查、遥感数据分析的基础上,构建了黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价指标体系,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,将黄河三角洲湿地地质环境质量分为5个等级(优、良、一般、较差和差),研究结果表明,该地区19个县(市、区)中湿地地质环境资源质量为良的有8个,质量一般的为11个,总体处于健康-疾病的临界状态。并基于以上研究成果,针对性地提出了黄河三角洲湿地资源保护对策。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

国内外侧扫声纳测量标准比较研究

由于侧扫声纳应用领域不断扩大,用户要求不断提高,国际海道测量组织和世界测量技术发达国家相继发布了各自的新版测量规范和标准。本文将我国侧扫声纳现行测量标准与国际相关标准在系统探测能力、测线布设、数据采集、质量控制等方面进行比较详细的分析比较,指出了我国侧扫声纳测量规范在测线布设、数据采集要求等方面的不足,旨在推进我国测量标准尽快实现与国际接轨。     

武汉主城区液化潜能分区研究

搜集并整理武汉主城区地震安全性评价控制性钻孔SPT-N资料,配合武汉市地震动参数小区划成果,采用规范法对各场地土层在罕遇地震作用下液化可能性进行判别。以液化指数作为分区指标并结合各场地坐标,绘制武汉主城区液化潜能分区图。分区图初步预测了罕遇地震发生以后,可能发生液化的区域及其严重性,且表明无论是分布面积还是液化潜能,长江右岸均大于长江左岸。通过与4次历史大震液化资料的对比分析,武汉主城区可能液化场地具有地下水位埋深浅、液化土层分布范围广、埋藏深度大的特点。     

黑龙江:“四项举措”推进黑土地保护

黑龙江省国土资源厅采取四项措施做好耕地和黑土地保护工作。一是严守耕地红线。全省划定永久基本农田1.66亿亩,保护率达到80%,占全国10.77%,居全国第一位。建立省、市、县、乡、村五级耕地保护主体责任,严格规划计划管控和土地用途管制,重点对＂两大平原＂黑土耕地集中区域给予特殊保护。严格执行耕地占补平衡制度,建立补充耕地储备制度,确保黑土耕地总量不减少。二是提升黑土耕地质量。大力推进生态高产标准农田建设,截至2017年底。     

Study of Partial Coefficients for Design of Semicircular Breakwaters

In the present study,the reliability design of semicircular breakwater is based on the verification of the rules defined by standard specifications,where partial coefficients are introduced to ensure safety.The reliability of the semicircular breakwaters has been analyzed by using the Hasofer-Lind method to determine the reliability index of structure that has correlated loads,utilizing the long-term observed wave data at a given place.The relation curve between reliability index and safety factor in the traditional design method,as well as the relationships between reliability index and partial coefficients,have been obtained.This paper proposes values of partial coefficients for the design expression of semicircular breakwaters in the cases of anti-sliding and anti-overturning.     

台风影响期间的河道水位设防标准研究

针对台风影响期间的河道设防标准提出1种新的计算方法(三维复合极值分布模型),同时比较规范推荐的Pearson-Ⅲ方法以及其它几种适线方法的计算结果,在三维概率预测模型和单因素概率模型的比较过程中,阐述了三维复合极值分布模型在样本选取、多重致灾因素的选取、计算结果稳定性等多方面的先进性和合理性。     

吉林省扶余县蔡家沟白垩系嫩江组断层脉状水的发现及其水文地质意义

受翼东水泥厂扶余公司的委托,对其水泥厂及周边进行水文地质条件评价,特别是对水泥厂范围内0.6 km2基岩裂隙水进行水质评价,水质符合饮用水标准,单井涌水量满足120 m3/d的要求。我们通过“多重环套法”的逻辑推理,从区域到局部再到点上的步骤分析与勘察,找到了优质断层脉状水,解决了生活用水的需要。1收集有关水文地质资料1.1地层和富水性第四系中更新统荒山组冲洪积层与冲湖积层,其富水性多在500 m3/d左右,但水质铁锰及氟化物超标,不适宜饮用。白垩系嫩江组孔隙裂隙水,富水性多在50 m3/d左右,但在断裂充水地段,富水性增强,单井涌水量100~30…