Microhabitat effect on iron distribution and transfer in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carex pseudocuraica</Emphasis> in Sanjiang Plain Wetlands

Ten clonal units of Carex pseudocuraica growing in four different microhabitats (perennial flooded ditch water, perennial flooded ditch sediment, seasonal flooded ditch sediment and perennial flooded soil) of the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, were collected randomly for phenotypic plasticity analysis. Iron content, chemical and physical properties of substrates and the total Fe of nine plant modules were measured as well. The results show that the performance of the C. pseudocuraica is affected by the microhabitat, with the greatest performance score in perennial flooded ditch water, and the lowest in perennial flooded soil. The biomass allocation indexes indicate that much more mass is allocated to stems and roots to expand colonization area. The distribution of the total Fe in plant modules appears as pyramids from the tip to the root, while marked differences are observed in the distribution proportion of stems, tillering nodes and roots that are allometrically growing. Iron transfer from substrates to the plant is mainly controlled by the substrate type. The differences of iron distribution and transfer in the plant in different microhabitats are attributed to the iron contents of the substrates as well as the phenotypic plasticity of the plant.     

利用GPS TEC探测2015年尼泊尔地震激发的电离层扰动

利用尼泊尔周边区域6个IGS GPS跟踪站数据,对2015-04-25尼泊尔地震激发的电离层扰动进行分析。结果表明,地震发生后,尼泊尔上空电离层总电子含量（total electron content,TEC）存在不同频率的电离层扰动,扰动中心频率约为3 mHz和4 mHz。前者发生在震中附近1 000 km左右的范围,后者范围达2 000 km,推断其分别为地震破裂产生的声重波信号以及瑞利波向上传播到电离层所激发的异常扰动信号。联合两个频率扰动信号,根据观测的扰动位置以及经验扰动速度反演震中位置,结果与实际情况符合较好。     

川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩成因——来自岩石结构与Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据

研究了川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩储层的岩石结构Sr的含量和Sr同位素组成,讨论了它的成因,飞仙关组优质储层为成岩期埋藏交代白云化作用的产物,来自岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据包括如下几个方面:(1)与准同生白云岩比较,埋藏白云岩的岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征与前者有显著差别;(2)飞仙关组所有各类碳酸盐岩(或矿物)具有早三叠世海水Sr同位素组成特征,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化范围为0.706588～0.708187,覆盖了全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素的变化范围(0.7076～0.7078),平均值0.707656与全球早三叠世平均值(0.707743)基本一致;(3)埋藏白云岩~(87)Sr/86Sr比值变化范围为0.707122～0.707419,平均值0.707421,都略低于全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素变化范围和平均值,但与已报道的川东北早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素变化范围(0.707330～0.707383)和平均值(0.707350)都非常接近,说明白云石化流体具有强烈的川东北地区早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素组成特征;(4)综合岩石结构、Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征,证明飞仙关组白云岩储层为成岩期埋藏交代作用产物,白云石化流体来自地层中高Sr和高盐度的海源地层水.     

采用因子分析法计算下庄铀矿田航放初始铀含量

采用因子分析对下庄铀矿田的航测K、U、Th数据进行了主成分分析,指出第一主成分反映母体的原始放射性元素含量及其分布状况,并利用U在PC1上的因子负荷反映铀的原始沉积。     

宁夏灵武面子山山前区地下水中氟的富集及分布规律探讨

研究区东部属低山丘陵区及山前侵蚀堆积阶地,西部为黄河冲、洪积平原区,地下水资源丰富．是灵武矿区的主要水源地,但由于地下水中氟离子含量较高,给地下水的利用带来了影响。通过对该区水文地质条件和地下水中氟的水文地球化学特征的研究,认为研究区地下水中氟的含量与水化学类型关系不明显,与PH值及钠／钙值呈正相关关系。初步探讨了影响地下水中氟含量的富集因素及分布规律,研究发现：区内潜水含水层氟含量变化大,常发生突变;承压水含水层则多呈渐变形式;地下水中氟含量的高低主要与补给源中氟含量的高低有关．     

DRIFTS快速测定北大西洋沉积物方解石含量及其气候指示意义——以U1308站位为例

探讨了利用漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱(DRIFTS)来快速定量测定深海沉积物中方解石含量.以北大西洋深海沉积物为例,对标样进行DRIFTS测量,选取碳酸钙713 cm-1特征峰(方解石)与石英800 cm-1特征峰面积比值作为回归参数,同时用气量法测试标样的方解石含量,然后分析DRIFTS特征峰强度与方解石含量的相关性,建立校准方程并检验.结果显示,DRIFTS方法对沉积物方解石含量测量准确,尤其对低方解石含量的样品比较敏感,具有较低的检出限和较高测量精度.应用该校准方程,对北大西洋综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)U1308站位近1 Ma来沉积物进行测定.其方解石含量呈典型的大西洋型旋回,反映了中布容事件(MBE)以及中更新世革命(MPE)时期方解石含量变化较大;在响应全球气候变化趋势的同时,还体现了全球碳储库变化对于北半球冰盖增长的触动机制,大洋内部深水循环影响方解石的保存.     

Geochemistry of the High Dam Lake sediments,south Egypt： implications for environmental significance

The goal of the present work is to perform a geochemical assessment of High Dam Lake bottom sediments for determining the fate, dispersion and levels of trace elements causing environmental pollution, and provided an access to their probable sources. The sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for 20 elements; Ag, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta Th Ti, T1, U, V and Zr, and their obtained data were treated using statistical, graphical and mapping techniques. The results showed the data set of all analyzed elements affected by outliers and extreme values that caused deviation away from normality. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that median of some trace element levels in Lake sediments, was not significantly different and other elements rejected the Null hypothesis. Most analyzed elements had high values of median and mean in sediments of Lake Nubia rather than Lake Nasser and their normalization gave the same results of calculated environment factors. Subsequently, Lake Nubia sediments possessed high combined EF levels ofTh, Sc, Sn, Ag, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sr, U, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn, causing significant contamination, which was great potentially related to industrial, agricultural, urbanization and mining activities. Whereas, combined EF of Se, Cu, Ga, Pb, Ba, Rb, and Tl, which are highly elevated in southern Lake Nasser sediments owing to their source are great possibly derived from Lake Nubia and geogenic activities. With decreasing distance towards the High Dam body, the contaminant elements were diminished due to reduction in the environmental factors and Sudanese pollution sources leading to the northern Lake Nasser considered to be less contaminated. Overall, the present study is an environmental alert for contaminated sediments that carried contaminants and considered the secondary source of pollution impact on ecosystem, and subsequently, their environmental risk on Human health.     

2009年7月22日日全食期间湖北沙洋地区电离层扰动分析

发生在2009年7月22日亚太地区的日全食,为人们研究电离层扰动提供了一次难得的机会.基于沙洋地区采集的高频(1 Hz)GPS数据,通过对日食当天与前后几天电离层VTEC(Vertical Total Electron Content)的变化分析,结果显示日食期间电离层VTEC含量均呈现出一种先下降再上升的“水槽”变化趋势,且VTEC下降达到2～5 TECU,下降幅度达33.1％,VTEC的最小值与食甚时刻延迟为25.2～147.6 s.在日全食后期有中等强度的磁暴发生,与日食相互重合叠加共同对电离层VTEC变化造成影响,使得VTEC变化明显异于前后几天,最后定量的分析了磁暴对VTEC的影响.     

2011年5月28日磁暴期间中国地区大尺度电离层行进式扰动的GPS台网监测

利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络及全球GPS服务系统提供的中国及其周边地区的246个GPS接收台站的TEC观测资料,观测研究了2011年5月28日一次中等强度磁暴期间中国地区出现的大尺度电离层行进式扰动（LSTID）,并给出了中国地区的二维TEC扰动图像.结果表明：在磁暴恢复相期间,我们一共监测到两个LSTID事件,一个发生在午夜前的中国西南地区,另一个发生在午夜后的东北地区.TEC二维成像结果清晰地显示了两次LSTID在中国地区的连续传播过程,西南地区午夜前的LSTID由低纬向中纬沿北偏东的方向传播,其持续时间约为60min,水平传播距离约1200km,等相面的宽度最大约500km;东北地区午夜后的LSTID由中纬向低纬沿南偏西的方向传播,其持续时间约为70min,水平传播距离约1200km,等相面的宽度最大可达1400km.对TEC扰动进行互谱分析得到两次LSTID的传播参量,发现午夜前的LSTID的水平传播相速度和相对扰动振幅的平均衰减率都比午夜后的LSTID的要大,这可能是由午夜前西南地区较高的背景垂直TEC0及背景大气温度引起的.研究还表明,午夜后的LSTID是由北极区活动激发的大气声重波产生的,通过对高纬地区水平地磁分量H的分析,可以估计出其激发源应位于140°E以东,42°N以北的1400～2600km范围之内;而对于午夜前的LSTID,则可能是由赤道电集流引起的焦耳加热激发的大气声重波产生的.