2009年早春苏南连阴雨和环流特征

利用常规气象资料分析了2009年早春苏南地区连阴雨期间的降水特点和环流形势特征。分析表明,此次连阴雨过程具有持续时间特别长、降水量特别多、最高气温偏低、雷暴天气频发等特点。连阴雨期间,欧亚上空高层中高纬环流经历贝湖低槽型、阻塞型和一槽一脊型3个阶段,亚洲中纬度地区多短波槽东移,保证了连阴雨天气的冷空气来源。孟加拉湾南支槽活跃,西太平洋副高偏北,从南海和菲律宾海经副高外围气流的水汽输送是此次连阴雨天气的主要水汽来源。由于冷暖空气在长江下游持续的相互作用,造成了苏南地区长达21天的阴雨天气。     

气温持续偏高，降水阶段明显——2009年春季（3—5月）浙江天气与气候

浙江省：2009年春季气温偏高、降水偏少、日照偏多。由于副高以偏东、偏弱为主,南海夏季风不稳定,不利于形成稳定降水。3月上句连阴雨对农业影响最大。     

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti     

中国区域秋季旱涝特征预测

利用国家气候中心综合气象干旱指数(CI),以干旱日数为预报对象,以前期500 hPa高度场为预报因子,结合最优子集回归(OSR)方法建立回归预报模型,对1971-2007年期间中国区域秋季干旱形势进行交叉检验预报。针对秋季华西秋雨与华南干旱特征,分别建立以华西洪涝站数与华南干旱站数为预报对象的预报模型,研究OSR方法的预报技巧。研究表明:OSR预报方法对秋季中国区域的干旱日数具有较高的预报技巧,距平相关系数(ACC)在全国大部地区均通过α=0.05的显著性水平检验,中国东部地区整体预报水平高于西部地区,ACC在中国区域平均达到0.45。对于秋季华西洪涝站数与华南干旱站数,OSR方法也体现出较好的预报能力,ACC分别达到0.71和0.55。此外,对华南区域干旱站数的独立预报检验表明,模型能较好地预报出2003-2007年秋季华南地区偏旱的趋势,但对干旱范围的预报有所低估。     

山西北中部一次秋季连阴雨过程分析

2009年9月4—10日,山西省北中部出现了一次持续时间长、降水强度大、落区范围广的连阴雨天气过程,致使气温持续偏低、日照偏少,给工农业生产、交通运输和人民生活造成严重影响。该文对这次天气过程的大气环流、西风急流等主要影响系统进行重点分析,对各种物理量场进行诊断,初步揭示了此次连阴雨过程的成因和降水特征。     

气温变化剧烈,极端天气频发——2009年秋季(9—11月)浙江天气与气候

浙江省2009年秋季气温偏高、降水量接近常年、日照偏少。至10月,一次新的厄尔尼诺事件已经形成,南海夏季风结束偏晚,东亚冬季风爆发早,与此对应,浙江气温变化幅度大,极端天气频发,深秋罕见的强对流天气,11月8—18日的低温连阴雨(雪)天气,导致部分地区受灾严重。     

浅析晋西北地区2007年秋季连阴雨降水过程

2007年9月下旬中期-10月上旬,晋西北地区出现了过程雨量最大、持续时间最长的秋季连阴雨天气过程,致使气温持续偏低,日照寡缺,地表积水严重,给当地的工农业生产造成严重影响。本文利用2007年9月下旬-10月上旬的气象观测资料,从高低空形势、风场特征、水汽条件等方面对2007年9月26日-10月10日秋季连阴雨进行初步分析发现,2007年我国北方秋季发生长时间的连阴雨与赤道中东太平洋海温有重要关系。2007年秋季北方降水异常型表现出了典型的La Nina的影响。     

Interannual Variability of Autumn Precipitation over South China and its Relation to Atmospheric Circulation and SST Anomalies

The interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies are examined using the autumn precipitation data of 160 stations in China and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2004. Results indicate a strong interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its positive correlation with the autumn western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）. In the flood years, the WPSH ridge line lies over the south of South China and the strengthened ridge over North Asia triggers cold air to move southward. Furthermore, there exists a significantly anomalous updraft and cyclone with the northward stream strengthened at 850 hPa and a positive anomaly center of meridional moisture transport strengthening the northward warm and humid water transport over South China. These display the reverse feature in drought years. The autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China correlates positively with SST in the western Pacific and North Pacific, whereas a negative correlation occurs in the South Indian Ocean in July. The time of the strongest lag-correlation coefficients between SST and autumn precipitation over South China is about two months, implying that the SST of the three ocean areas in July might be one of the predictors for autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China. Discussion about the linkage among July SSTs in the western Pacific, the autumn WPSH and autumn precipitation over South China suggests that SST anomalies might contribute to autumn precipitation through its close relation to the autumn WPSH.     

热带东印度洋海表温度持续性的秋季障碍

利用全球海表海温资料(GISST)和NCEP/NCAR再分析风场、海平面气压场资料,研究了热带东印度洋海表温度持续性的季节差异,发现东印度洋海温持续性存在"秋季障碍"现象。进一步分析了东印度洋"秋季障碍"后冬季海温与中东太平洋海温、海平面气压及850hPa风场的关系,并讨论了热带印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统的季节变化与东印度洋"秋季障碍"的关系,结果表明,秋季热带印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统由以印度洋季风环流为主导转向以太平洋海气系统为主导,太平洋海气系统处于急剧加强期,增强的太平洋海气系统对东印度洋海温持续性"秋季障碍"起着重要的作用。     

华南秋季蒸发量的时空演变特征

利用华南区域66个气象站点1960～2004年的观测数据分析了华南秋季蒸发皿蒸发量和实际蒸发量的时空变化.分析结果表明:华南中部和西北部是华南秋季蒸发皿蒸发量的两个主要气候变异中心区,华南中部秋季蒸发皿蒸发量具有以年代际变化为主的特征,并且在45年内总体上呈下降趋势.在影响蒸发皿蒸发量的因子中,太阳辐射与蒸发皿蒸发量的相关性最好,呈显著的正相关.对实际蒸发量而言,华南中部和西部偏西地区则是两个主要的变异中心,两区域的秋季实际蒸发量具有以年际变化为主的特征,降水对华南秋季实际蒸发量的影响最为显著,华南秋季实际蒸发量一般都在蒸发皿蒸发量的40%左右,并且比值总体上呈现微弱的由南向北递增趋势.