一次梅汛期连续暴雨过程分析

通过对1999年梅汛期6月24日－7月1日连续暴雨过程分析，发现850hPa安庆附近低涡中心不断的发展东移和重建、西南和东北偏东两支低空急流加强导致的切变辐合加强，为连续暴雨的产生提供了明显的辐合条件、源源不断的水汽和能量。同时发现：暴雨的雨强变化与副热带高压的南北摆动、中低层冷空气的活动密切相关。     

青藏高原近地面层微气象学特征

利用1998年5月-7月在改则、当雄和昌都三测站获得的近地面层气象要素变化的观测资料，分析了青藏高原近地面层风速、温度和湿度日变化特征及廓线规律，发现高原近地面层微气象学特征具有自己的特点；同时还讨论了高原近地面层白天出现的逆湿现象。     

根据Dobson和TOMS资料分析北京和昆明大气臭氧总量变化特征

用约２０年 Ｄｏｂｓｏｎ和ＴＯＭＳ资料来分析北京（３９.９３°Ｎ，１１６.４０°Ｅ）和昆明 （２５.０２°Ｎ，１０２．６８°）两地大气臭氧总量的变化特征，结果表明：（１）在１９７９－２０００年间北京大气臭氧长期变化趋势是－０．６４２ ＤＵ／年，而昆明在１９８０－２０００年间的趋势是－０.００９ ＤＵ／年；（２）北京和昆明两地大气臭氧都有很强的季节内变化（尤其冬季更强），与季节性变化强度相当；（３）在北京和昆明，由记录较短的大气臭氧资料分析得到的长期变化趋势，与较长记录得到的结果有显著差异；（４）在北京（中纬度）和昆明（低纬度）大气臭氧都有显著的准两年振荡信号；（５）两个站点大气臭氧的年际变化主要由长期趋势项和准两年振荡信号组成；（６）Ｄｏｂｓｏｎ仪测量得到的臭氧总量与ＴＯＭＳ资料非常一致。     

土壤热异常影响地表能量平衡的个例分析和数值模拟

The statistical relationship between soil thermal anomaly and short-term climate change is presented based on a typical case study. Furthermore, possible physical mechanisms behind the relationship are revealed through using an off-line land surface model with a reasonable soil thermal forcing at the bottom of the soil layer.In the first experiment, the given heat flux is 5 W m-2 at the bottom of the soil layer (in depth of 6.3 m)for 3 months, while only a positive ground temperature anomaly of 0.06℃ can be found compared to the control run. The anomaly, however, could reach 0.65℃ if the soil thermal conductivity was one order of magnitude larger. It could be even as large as 0.81℃ assuming the heat flux at bottom is 10 W m-2. Meanwhile, an increase of about 10 W m-2 was detected both for heat flux in soil and sensible heat on land surface, which is not neglectable to the short-term climate change. The results show that considerable response in land surface energy budget could be expected when the soil thermal forcing reaches a certain spatial-tem poral scale. Therefore, land surface models should not ignore the upward heat flux from the bottom of the soil layer. Moreover, integration for a longer period of time and coupled land-atmosphere model are also necessary for the better understanding of this issue.     

INTENSITY INDEX OF SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON AND ITS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS

According to the basic characteristics of the activities of summer monsoon in the South China Sea,Standardized index,Is,has been designed that integrates a dynamic factor(southwesterly component) and a thermodynamic factor(OLR) for the indication of summer monsoon in the South China Sea,With the index determined for individual months of June,July and August and the entire summertime from 1975 to 1999,specific months and years are indicated that are either strong or weak in monsoon intensity,The variation is studied for the patterns and Is‘s relationship is revealed with the onset of summer monsoon and the precipitation in Guang-dong province and China.The results show that there are quasi-10 and quasi-3-4 year cycles in the interannual variation of the monsooon over the past 25 years.When it has an early(late)onset,the summer monsoon is usually strong (weak),In the strong(weak)monsoon,years,precipitation tends to be more(less)in the first raining season of the year but normal or less(normal)in the second,in the province,but it would be more(less) in northeastern China and most parts of the northern china and south of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River and less(more)in the middle and lower reaches of the river,western part of northern China and western China.     

青藏高原积雪时空变化特征的对比分析

本文通过对NCEP/NCAR和SMM/I两种积雪资料的对比分析,表明两种积雪资料反映出青藏高原的积雪变化特征比较一致,NCEP/NCAR积雪资料具有一定的可信度.     

一次移动型大暴雨天气过程扰动及物理量场结构和特征

对2001年8月19-20日全川移动型大暴雨天气过程的分析表明：初始扰动产生在对流层中层移动性低槽底部强烈发展的低空热低压倒槽中，有利的物理量配置环境、大尺度系统的稳定型和非均一热成风偏差分布对其发展和维持具有十分重要的作用。提出了动点、不动点群体系统局域阻塞概念，并结合高低空散度的不平衡，明确了移动型川东大暴雨的短期预报思路。     

相对湿度实测值与自记值差值较大之原因分析

1　湿球纱布的包扎不规范日常工作中许多同志对湿球纱布的包扎不重视 ,认为只要包上就行了 ,尤其是球部下纱线扎的过紧 ,使水杯中的水上不到球部 ,加之天气炎热干燥 ,则纱布就会紧贴球部干在上面 ,使干湿球的温度相近。致使实测湿度值增大。因此湿球纱布的包扎一定要严格按规范要求来做。2　天气过程所致有时 ,观测正好处于降水等天气过程开始出现时 ,湿度开始上升或下降 ,而湿度计感应存在滞后性 ,此时实测值与自记值差值较平常偏大。这种情况属正常现象 ,如实观测记录并在值班日记中注明就行了 ,过会儿会自动恢复正常。3　湿度计故障所致…     

北疆夏季两次冰雹天气过程的对比分析

北疆夏季两次冰雹天气过程的对比分析发现，充足的水汽、足够大的上升运动和不稳定的层结果冰雹天气出现的必备条件，而降雹的强弱则与对流云图的发展和强度有关。     

南疆西部山区一次特大暴雨特征分析

通过对2001年9月22－23日南疆西北部山区特大暴雨的环流背景、物理量场、卫星云图分析，揭示了这场特大暴雨的物理机制和各要素场特征。