Applications of wavelet analysis in differential propagation phase shift data de-noising

Using numerical simulation data of the forward differential propagation shift （ΦDP） of polarimetric radar,the principle and performing steps of noise reduction by wavelet analysis are introduced in detail.Profiting from the multiscale analysis,various types of noises can be identified according to their characteristics in different scales,and suppressed in different resolutions by a penalty threshold strategy through which a fixed threshold value is applied,a default threshold strategy through which the threshold value is determined by the noise intensity,or a ΦDP penalty threshold strategy through which a special value is designed for ΦDP de-noising.Then,a hard-or soft-threshold function,depending on the de-noising purpose,is selected to reconstruct the signal.Combining the three noise suppression strategies and the two signal reconstruction functions,and without loss of generality,two schemes are presented to verify the de-noising effect by dbN wavelets：（1） the penalty threshold strategy with the soft threshold function scheme （PSS）; （2） the ΦDP penalty threshold strategy with the soft threshold function scheme （PPSS）.Furthermore,the wavelet de-noising is compared with the mean,median,Kalman,and finite impulse response （FIR） methods with simulation data and two actual cases.The results suggest that both of the two schemes perform well,especially when ΦDP data are simultaneously polluted by various scales and types of noises.A slight difference is that the PSS method can retain more detail,and the PPSS can smooth the signal more successfully.     

The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO简

The characteristic changes of South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） for the period January 1979 to December 2011, during which the 1990s Pacific pan-decadal variability （PDV） interdecadal regime shifts occurred, were examined. Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis was applied to the monthly mean SSTA for two sub-periods： January 1979 to December 1994 （P 1） and January 1996 to December 2011 （P2）. Both the spatial and temporal features of the leading EOF mode for P1 and P2 showed a remarkable difference. The spatial structure of the leading EOF changed from a tripolar pattern for P 1 （EOF-P 1） to a dipole-like pattern for P2 （EOF-P2）. Besides, EOF-P 1 （EOF-P2） had significant spectral peaks at 4.6 yr （2.7 yr）. EOF-P2 not only had a closer association with E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, but also showed a faster response to ENSO than EOF-P1 based on their lead-lag relationships with ENSO. During the development of ENSO, the South Pacific SSTA associated with ENSO for both PI and P2 showed a significant eastward propagation. However, after the peak of ENSO, EOF-P1 showed a stronger persistence than EOF-P2, which still showed eastward propagation. The variability of the SSTA associated with the whole process of ENSO evolution during P1 and the SSTA associated with the development of ENSO during P2 support the existence of ocean-to-atmosphere forcing, but the SSTA associated with the decay of ENSO shows the phenomenon of atmosphere-to-ocean forcing.     

Intraseasonal Oscillation of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon and Its Influence on Regionally Persistent Heavy Rain over Southern China

The intraseasonal oscillation（ISO） in the South China Sea summer monsoon（SCSSM） and its influence on regionally persistent heavy rain（RPHR） over southern China are examined by using satelhte outgoing long wave radiation,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis,and gridded rainfall station data in China from 1981 to 2010.The most important feature of the ISO in SCSSM,contributing to the modulation of RPHR,is found to be the fluctuation in the western Pacific subtropical high（WPSH）,along with a close link to the Madden-Julian oscillation（MJO）.Southern China is divided into three regions by using rotated empirical orthogonal functions（REOFs）for intraseasonal rainfall,where the incidence rate of RPHR is closely linked to the intraseasonal variation in rainfall.It is found that SCSSM ISOs are the key systems controlling the intraseasonal variability in rainfall and can be described by the leading pair of empirical orthogonal functions（EOFs） for the 850-hPa zonal wind over the SCS and southern China.Composite analyses based on the principal components（PCs） of the EOFs indicate that the ISO process in SCSSM exhibits as the east-west oscillation of the WPSH,which is coupled with the northward-propagating MJO,creating alternating dry and wet phases over southern China with a period of 40 days.The wet phases provide stable and lasting circulation conditions that promote RPHR.However,differences in the ISO structures can be found when RPHR occurs in regions where the WPSH assumes different meridional positions.Further examination of the meridional-phase structure suggests an important role of northward-propagating ISO and regional air-sea interaction in the ISO process in SCSSM.     

多视角监控视频中动态目标的时空信息提取方法

监控视频中动态目标的精准定位与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域中重要的研究方向,近年来已成为监控领域的研究热点。传统视频动态目标检测仅依赖图像特征数据,忽略了与地理坐标系精准匹配,特别是对于多个摄像机覆盖的区域,拍摄的角度不同,投影后形成的图像空间分辨率也不同,因此,难以满足智能监控在复杂的地理场景中全方位时空信息感知。本文提出一种多摄像头协同的视频监控图像与地理空间数据互映射模型构建方法来获取动态目标的轮廓和地理位置等时空信息,首先建立监控图像信息与地理空间数据的互映射关系,将观测角度不同、尺度不同和空间分辨率的监控图像置于同一坐标系下,并在此基础上通过融合Canny算子与背景减法来检测目标的边缘信息;然后采用质心偏移算法还原目标在该场景的实际位置,从而实现多角度下连续跟踪,提升地理场景的时空理解力和分析力,提高动态目标的精准定位与跟踪能力。     

单基线TanDEM-X InSAR相干性反演森林高度EI北大核心CSCD

由RVoG模型演变的SINC函数模型运用到TanDEM-X InSAR数据反演森林高度时面临观测信息不足的问题,且无法适应不同的森林场景。本文针对这一问题,提出小范围LiDAR数据辅助下基于TanDEM-X InSAR相干性的森林高度反演方法,此方法无须全局高精度DEM产品提供地表相位信息而仅利用相干性即可获取森林高度信息。为验证此方法的可行性,采用西班牙境内两个典型试验区的TanDEM-X InSAR数据进行验证,并利用LiDAR树高数据进行精度评定。结果表明,单基线TanDEM-X InSAR相干性可用于反演森林高度,两个试验区的精度分别为2.34 m和1.74 m。     

加乘性混合误差模型精度评定的SUT法EI北大核心CSCD

已有加乘性混合误差模型参数估计方法能达到二阶精度,但精度评定方法只能达到一阶精度,若通过传统泰勒级数展开近似函数法来获取参数估值的二阶精度信息,由于加乘性混合误差模型中参数估值与观测值为一个复杂的非线性关系,必然需要复杂的求导运算。针对该问题,本文使用一种无须求导、无须了解非线性函数构成的比例无迹变换(scaled unscented transformation,SUT)法来计算参数估值的二阶精度信息。通过算例分析表明,利用SUT法求解加乘性混合误差模型能够有效避免复杂的求导运算,所求得的参数估值及其协方差阵均能达到二阶精度,从而验证了本文方法的可行性和优势。     

福建省重力台网对米娜台风激发的微震信号源定位

利用重力台网进行台风激发信号的源区定位研究不仅有助于提高台风监测能力,而且可从台风激发信号中区分出震前与震源有关的信号,促进地震预测研究。以2019年第18号台风米娜(MITAG)为研究对象,基于福建省重力台网观测的1 Hz采样的固体潮观测数据,利用噪声互相关函数的信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)和归一化噪声能量流方法分析数据质量和微震源区方位,使用SNR≥25的Rayleigh波互相关信号走时作为定位数据,进行台风4个时段的定位研究。结果表明,在MITAG台风靠近中国大陆的过程中,定位区域能够覆盖台风中心所在位置;地震背景噪声能量辐射模型的微震垂直位移极值区域也和台风靠近中国大陆过程时段一致;通过人工剔除高速波群的互相关信号后,定位区域也能覆盖到转向远离大陆过程时段的台风轨迹。福建省重力台网对台风的追踪提供一类新的数据和方法。     

经验模态分解和独立分量分解在航磁数据处理中的应用

以东天山1∶20万航磁数据为例,利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对航磁数据进行分解,然后利用独立分量分析(ICA)方法对分解出的固有模态函数(IMF)数据进行重构。分解出来的从高频到低频IMF与地质体的分布具有一定的相关性,不同频率的IMF代表了一定的地质意义。经过ICA重构后的独立分量(IC)能够对异常IMF函数从盲源分离的角度进行有效的重构,其结果可以在一定程度上解释不同的地质事件对磁异常的贡献,并对构造识别和构造区域划分具有一定的指示意义。     

土地整治重民意方能见实效

看了本期杂志将要发表的一组关于土地整治的文稿,心中不禁暗暗叫好.从这些文稿中清晰地感觉到,全州县庙头镇宜湘河村、容县杨梅镇三德村、凭祥市夏石镇新鸣村、昌平乡木民村的几个土地整治项目在实施过程中,较好地贯彻了党的群众路线,尊重实际,尊重民意,并根据农民的经营需求确定土地整治目标和整治方案,严把工程质量关,确保了土地整治行之有效,做到了一项工程造福一方,一个项目竖一座务实为民的丰碑.