两次强雷暴系统中雷电的人工引发及其特征放电参量的测量与估算

中纬度地区的雷电灾害常由过境的强雷暴系统引起, 但是自然雷电放电电流的直接测量十分困难. 2005年夏季在两次强雷暴系统过境期间, 利用火箭拖带金属导线的人工引发雷电技术, 成功引发雷电5次, 并在放电通道底部测量到了完整的1 μs时间分辨率的雷电电流波形以及距雷电通道水平距离为60和550 m处的同步地面电场变化资料. 研究表明, 5次人工引发雷电都包含有1~10次不等的大电流回击放电过程, 电流峰值平均为11.9 kA, 变化范围为6.6~21.0 kA, 与自然雷电继后回击电流峰值基本一致. 回击电流波形的半峰值宽度为39 μs, 较通常结果要大. 回击电流峰值I_P(单位: kA)和中和的电荷量Q(单位: C)之间满足关系式: I_P=18.5 Q^0.65. 在60和550 m处, 回击引起的微秒量级辐射场变化分别为5.9和0.39 kV/m, 随水平距离r(m)的增加回击辐射场以r^−1.119的规律衰减. 根据传输线电流模式, 估算的回击速度为1.4×10⁸ m/s, 变化范围为(1.1~1.6)×10⁸ m/s. 由于人工引发雷电放电过程与自然雷电的相似性, 所得到的结果可应用于自然雷电灾害的防护设计中.     

闪电定位资料分析

对江苏省电力部门和安徽省气象部门的闪电定位资料分析结果表明,两个部门资料中闪电在时间变化和空间分布特征上都比较一致。在分析安徽省气象部门闪电资料时发现,无论是正闪还是负闪,电流峰值都主要集中在0-60kA。     

对电力变压器电流互感器的研讨

电流互感器是现代电力变压器内部中具有保护功能的内部装置与部件,在电力变压器和电网结构中电流互感器具有电力控制、安全保护等设计功能,特别对于电力变压器短路和失灵有着良好地预防与控制功能。本研究从电力变压器电流互感器的工作原理出发,分析了电力变压器电流互感器的系统组成,重点对电力变压器电流互感器的保护接线、参数调整进行了研讨,希望对电力系统和企业更好地运用电流互感器起到重点提示和要点强调的作用。     

分量核旋仪偏置电流对磁偏角测量的影响分析

从理论上定量地分析了FHD-1型分量核旋仪的偏置电流对磁偏角观测值的影响,结果表明偏置电流的漂移对磁偏角观测值的影响随偏置电流的漂移量的增大而增大、也随磁偏角观测值的增大而增大,该结果对指导台站提高该仪器磁偏角观测值的精度有一定意义。     

Observed water current and transport through Qiongzhou Strait during August 2010

The velocity structure of the residual current across an entire section of the Qiongzhou Strait(QS) in summer is presented for the fi rst time. Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profi le measurements, from the mid-region of the QS(110.18°E), were collected on 1–4 August 2010. The diurnal tidal currents had their maximum amplitudes between 4.24 and 20.24 m. Their amplitude along the major axis ranged from approximately 0.55 m/s in the middle part of the strait(20.15°N) to 0.84 m/s in the north part of the strait(20.20°N). Both anticlockwise and clockwise tidal current rotations exist in the QS. During the observation period(neap tide), a signifi cant westward residual current occupied almost the entire study section. Two velocity cores of westward current were observed at the northern part and near the deepest trough, although an eastward current appeared in the middle part of the transect. The deepest core was located near 62 m at 20.13°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.34 m/s. The shallower core was located at approximately 16 m at 20.20°N, with a maximum velocity of-0.33 m/s. The estimated total volume of water transported through the QS was-0.16 Sv. This value is an important boundary condition, applicable to numerical models studying coastal ocean circulation in the northwestern South China Sea.     

Observation of the abyssal western boundary current in the Philippine Sea

Mooring observations were conducted from July 16, 2011 to March 30, 2012 east of Mindanao, Philippines(127°2.8′E, 8°0.3′N) to observe the abyssal current at about 5600 m deep and 500 m above the ocean bottom. Several features were revealed: 1) the observed abyssal current was highly variable with standard deviations of 57.3 mm/s and 34.0 mm/s, larger than the mean values of-31.9 and 16.6 mm/s for the zonal and meridional components, respectively; 2) low-frequency current longer than 6 days exhibited strong seasonal variation, flowing southeastward(mean flow direction of 119.0° clockwise from north) before about October 1, 2011 and northwestward(mean flow direction of 60.5° counter-clockwise from north) thereafter; 3) the high-frequency flow bands were dominated by tidal currents O 1, K 1, M 2, and S 2, and near-inertial currents, whose frequencies were higher than the local inertial frequency. The two diurnal tidal constituents were much stronger than the two semidiurnal ones. This study provides for the first time an observational insight into the abyssal western boundary current east of Mindanao based on long-term observations at one site. It is meaningful for further research into the deep and abyssal circulation over the whole Philippine Sea and the 3D structure of the western boundary current system in this region. More observational and high-resolution model studies are needed to examine the spatial structure and temporal variation of the abyssal current over a much larger space and longer period, their relation to the upper-layer circulation, and the underlying dynamics.     

人工触发闪电连续电流过程与M分量特征

在广州野外雷电试验基地,对2008年和2011年夏季人工触发闪电回击之后的14个连续电流过程和43个M分量的通道底部电流、电场变化和通道亮度进行了同步测量和分析。结果表明:M分量的电流、快慢电场变化和亮度变化波形均近似对称;触发闪电连续电流过程的持续时间、转移电荷量、电流平均值的几何平均值分别为22 ms,6.0 C和273 A;M分量的幅度、转移电荷量、半峰值宽度、上升时间、持续时间的几何平均值分别为409 A,205 mC,520 μs,305 μs和1.6 ms;连续电流持续时间与M分量的个数、相邻M分量之间的时间间隔均存在显著的正相关关系。     

人工触发闪电中的M分量特征

利用2005-2008年期间在山东开展的人工触发闪电试验中所观测到的通道底部电流、不同距离垂直电场及高速摄像光学资料,对人工触发闪电10次回击之后的33次M分量电流波形进行了分析.结果表明,典型的M分量电流波形具有较对称的结构特征,峰值电流的几何平均值为743 A(标准偏差为0.55);波形10%～90%上升时间的几何...     

贵州省雷电流幅值的累积概率分布

统计2006—2009年贵州省基于闪电定位仪的雷电定位系统监测的全省雷电流幅值数据,通过作图的方式与国家通用的经验公式比较,并采用最小二乘法中添加指数、多项式趋势线的方式,对贵州省雷电流幅值累积概率曲线进行拟合回归分析,得到其雷电流幅值累积概率一般公式,指出该公式与通用经验公式的差异及公式存在的不足。