西藏班戈错水菱镁矿藻类成矿实验及其成因分析

目前关于天然水菱镁矿的形成认识主要有蒸发沉积成因和生物成因两类。前人在室内成功制备出水菱镁矿矿物,证实了该矿物的无机成因理论,但是实验结晶条件明显高于西藏班戈错的寒冷气候条件和水化学条件,并且班戈错湖水通过自然蒸发结晶也难以形成水菱镁矿矿物,而这一认识与周边阶地上正在形成水菱镁矿的现象相矛盾。因此,自然蒸发沉积可能不是现阶段班戈错水菱镁矿的主要形成过程,而已有研究表明,藻类具备诱导形成碳酸盐矿物的能力,本文利用西藏班戈错Ⅲ湖湖水及其藻类开展室内模拟实验,并与无藻类的湖水自然结晶结果相对照,探讨藻类生命活动与班戈错水菱镁矿的成因联系。研究发现,藻类不仅能够适应高盐度盐水环境（矿化度117.3 g/L）,并且在其光合作用过程中还能显著提高周围水体pH值（最高可达10.564）,诱导并促进球碳镁石在藻类网状节点处结晶沉淀,该矿物进一步脱水即能够形成水菱镁矿矿物;而人为提高班戈错Ⅲ湖湖水Mg2+浓度也仅能结晶形成三水菱镁矿矿物,无球碳镁石或水菱镁矿结晶析出。因此,西藏班戈错水菱镁矿的形成过程与藻类生物成矿作用密切相关,但是有关球碳镁石向水菱镁矿转变的具体条件以及藻类成矿作用的具体分子机制仍不清楚,有待于进一步研究。     

A new spatial coherence model and analytical coefficients for multi-support response spectrum combination

In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fi tting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination (correlation) coeffi cients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coeffi cients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coeffi cients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coeff icients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational effi ciency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coeff icients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coeffi cients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.     

基于孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试的连云港海相粘土前期固结压力确定方法研究

首先回顾了基于孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试确定前期固结压力的方法,通过连云港海相粘土场地进行的CPTU试验资料,以室内固结试验得到的前期固结压力作为参考值评估了经验方法预测前期固结压力的有效性。最简单的方法是直接建立前期固结压力和净锥尖阻力的关系,同时也是最有效的方法。     

气象用玻璃液体温度表校准结果的不确定度评定

文章以气象用玻璃液体温度表中的干湿球温度表为代表,参照《JJG207-92气象用玻璃液体温度表检定规程》要求对其进行校准实验,并对校准结果进行不确定度分析与评定,分析不确定度来源对校准结果的影响程度,以供气象计量检定工作者参考.     

欧洲球载太阳望远镜SUNRISE及相关研究成果简介

利用发射到平流层的球载太阳望远镜来观测太阳磁场演化和监视太阳活动有着得天独厚的优势.首先,在平流层中,球载太阳望远镜对太阳的观测不受来自地球对流层大气中天气现象的干扰,处于无视宁度影响的环境中,这为获取高质量的太阳图像提供了优越的条件.其次,平流层的空气已经十分稀薄,对紫外线的吸收也大大减弱,球载太阳望远镜能够在近紫外...     

Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea

Ecological adaptation and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods were examined in the East China Sea （23°30′-33°00′N, 118°30′ -128°00′E）, in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in four surveys conducted from 1997 to 2000. The density, yield density, or negative exponent models were used to determine the optimal temperature and salinity of water for the thriving growth of pelagic ostracods. Thereafter, ecological groups and potential distribution patterns of pelagic ostracods were determined based on the predicted parameters such as optimal temperature and salinity, consulting the geographic distribution. The analytical results indicate that, among the numerical dominant pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea （ECS）, Euconchoecia aculeata, E. elongata, E. chierchiae, E. maimai, and Cypridina dentata, etc. are offshore subtropical water species. These species are widely distributed in the area, and they can be brought by the warm current to north offshore during spring and winter. The predicated optimal temperature （OT） and optimal salinity （OS） for Paraconchoecia decipiens, P. echinata, P. spini- fera, P. oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Porroeciaporrecta are all greater than 25℃ and 34 separately. These species are mainly distributed in the waters of the Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current, and the Taiwan Strait, and therefore are designated as ocean- ic tropical water species. On the other hand, Pseudoconchoecia concerttrica is considered as offshore subtropical water species based on its geographical distribution although its OT is 19℃. The other species, though their OSs are approximately 34 and with OTs ranging from 20° to 25℃, are considered as offshore subtropical water species because they were found to be widely distributed from the South China Sea to the East China Sea.     

Moritz解析延拓解与Bjerhammar虚拟球面解的等价性

利用调和函数的性质以及球谐函数展开理论,并根据实数域上函数的幂级数展开式证明了Moritz解析延拓解与Bjerhammar虚拟球面解的等价性,同时分析了两种解的内在区别。     

多效唑对2种海洋微藻生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

运用实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了多效唑对青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:低浓度(≤5 mg/L)多效唑能促进绿色巴夫藻的生长,与对照组相比,多效唑处理组的干重、叶绿素a、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均有所增加(p<0.05),而低浓度(≤5 mg/L)多效唑对青岛大扁藻的生长无明显影响;高浓度(≥15 mg/L)多效唑可显著抑制青岛大扁藻和绿色巴夫藻的生长,多效唑处理组的干重、叶绿素a、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均低于对照组(p<0.05).多效唑对青岛大扁藻和绿色巴夫藻的96 h-EC50值分别是28.6 mg/L和24.9 mg/L. 2种微藻经不同浓度多效唑处理后,细胞内抗氧化防御系统的关键性酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)均表现为低浓度(≤5 mg/L)的诱导作用和高浓度(≥15 mg/L)时的抑制作用;不同浓度多效唑处理后,2种微藻细胞内过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性均降低.     

城市地理研究中的单分形、多分形和自仿射分形

分形几何学在城市地理研究中具有广泛的应用,然而很多基本概念却让初学者感到迷惑。如何区分单分形、自仿射分形与多分形,是一个基本而重要的问题。简单分形容易理解,而真实的地理现象很少是单分形的。城市生长过程具有自仿射特征,而城市空间格局却具有多分形性质。作者发现,各种分形的共性在于三个方面：标度律、分数维和熵守恒。论文基于标度、分维和熵守恒公式,借助隐喻城市生长的规则分形来区分单分形、多分形和自仿射分形,讨论分形系统演化的机理、分形与空间自相关和空间异质性的联系,同时澄清一些在地理分形研究中的常见错误概念。最后以城市位序-规模分布为例,说明并对比单分形和多分形在城市地理研究中的建模与应用思路。     

基于转录组测序对两种氮素营养条件下多形微眼藻氮代谢途径的解析

探究微藻的氮代谢通路对了解其对不同氮源利用的分子机制具有重要意义。本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术对两种氮素营养条件下(硝酸氮和尿素)多形微眼藻的转录组进行分析,通过基因功能注释及数字基因表达谱分析,研究了多形微眼藻细胞内氮代谢的调控机制。结果检测出15种参与氮代谢的酶,对应76个编码基因,构建了多形微眼藻的氮代谢通路图。其中10个酶编码基因在两种不同氮素营养条件下存在差异表达,最显著的是谷氨酸合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶相关基因。有机氮源(尿素)实验组中,多形微眼藻细胞内的硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶等基因的差异表达明显高于无机氮源(硝酸钠)实验组,表明当环境中的氮源为尿素时,会对多形微眼藻细胞内硝酸盐的转化和利用有一定影响。本研究初步阐述了硝酸盐、尿素的吸收转运对多形微眼藻细胞内氮代谢的影响机制,可为硅藻在不同氮素营养条件下的吸收利用机制及氮代谢响应研究提供依据。