Spatiotemporal pattern of bacterioplankton in Donghu Lake

Bacterioplankton play key roles in the biogeochemical cycle and in organic contaminant degradation. The species richness and abundance of bacterial subgroups are generally distinct from each other, and this is attributed to their different functions in aquatic ecosystems. The spatiotemporal variations of eight phylogenetic subgroups （Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria） derived from Donghu Lake were investigated using PCR-DGGE fingerprinting, to explore their responses to environmental factors. Results indicate that Actinobacteria and beta-Proteobacteria were the two largest bacterial subgroups detected. These two groups and Bacteroidetes showed clear seasonal patterns in composition of the operational taxonomic unit. Results also suggest that the bacterioplankton subgroups in Donghu Lake were significantly correlated with different environmental factors. In brief, the total nitrogen was one of the major factors regulating all the bacterioplankton except for Actinobacteria. However, total phosphorus, another important eutrophication factor, contributed to the two largest bacterial groups （Actinobacteria and beta-Proteobacteria）, as well as to the Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. Therefore, the responses of bacterioplankton subgroups to environmental factors were different, and this should be attributed to the differences in the fimctions of different groups.     

山西省日照平行观测资料对比分析

1引言日照是指太阳在一地实际照射的时数。日照时数也称实照时数[1];其定义为,在一给定时间,太阳直接辐照度达到或超过120瓦·米-2(W·m-2)的那段时间总和,以小时(h)为单位,取一位小数。日照时数表示一个地区接受太阳光照射的时间长短,直观反映太阳辐射,是农业生产重要的环境因素,对人民的日常生活影响重大。     

石灰岩表面早期风化的分形识别

自然界中的石灰岩有两种表面类型的特征差异较为明显,即受环境因素微侵蚀作用形成的风化表面(张捷等,1994)和石灰岩的新鲜断口表面。前者为石灰岩与环境之间的界面形态,由石灰岩与环境影响因素综合作用所致(孙承兴等,2002),而后者则主要决定于石灰岩岩性和破碎岩石方式及其力度强弱(张子新,1995)。识别石灰岩的早期风化往往需要从微观层次寻找证据来加以区别,     

论地质灾害风险识别问题

基于多年学术研究与实地“原型观测”,提出了地质灾害风险识别或早期识别的六个因素,包括地质体边界形态（a）、成分结构（b）、初始状态（c）、激发条件（d）、环境因素（e）和成灾条件（f）及其时间变化（t）,简称“六要素识别法”,可表示为R=f（a,b,c,d,e,f;t）。这些因素的变化决定着致灾体与承灾体遭遇的概率,从而为地质灾害风险评价指明方向。通过实际案例论证了典型因素变化导致的地质灾害,在思想上突破了以往过度关注于从已发生灾害事件推断未来风险的局限,推动从地质环境因素变化孕育地质灾害风险的研判,更有针对性地服务于防灾减灾管理决策。     

海洋观测仪器防生物附着技术

几乎任何固体构件物放入水中,都会不同程度地发生生物附着现象,这极大地限制了海洋观测设备的长期运行。目前有多种防生物附着方法,但没有一种方法是普遍适用的,其效果受到环境因素及被保护对象本身特点的影响。本文论述了生物附着的形成机制以及环境因素对生物附着程度的影响,并按照主动方式与被动方式的分类,介绍了几种常用防生物附着技术的特点及局限性。最后根据各类防生物附着技术及被保护对象的特点,推荐了典型海洋观测设备各部位的防生物附着策略,为实现海洋观测设备长期运行提供保障。     

Colloid‘s influences on microalgae growth as a potential environmental factor

The role of colloid as “colloid pump”in the ocean is well known. The important influence of colloid in seawater on the growth of microalga was found in our 1999--2000 study. Colloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross-flow filtration system to ultrafilter seawater(which had been pre-filtrated by 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane) successively with different membranes. Ultrafiltration retentions (we called them colloid concentrates) together with control sample (seawater without colloid) were then inoculated with two species of microalgae and cultivated in selected conditions. Monitoring of microalgae growth during cultivation showed that all colloid concentrates had obvious influence on the growth of the microalgae studied. Addition of Fe(OH)3 colloid or organic colloid (protein or carbohydrate) to the control sample enhanced the microalgae‘s growth.     

地史中叠层石衰减机制综述

叠层石是蓝细菌等微生物群体形成的一种层状生物沉积构造,从太古宙到全新世的沉积岩中都有分布.叠层石研究因其重要的理论意义和经济应用价值而备受地质学家关注.虽然叠层石不是实体化石,无所谓演化或进化问题,但它却像微生物和其他生物进化一样,随时间和地球环境的变革而发生丰度和分异度上的变化.现在已知地质历史中共发生了5次重要的叠层石衰减事件,分别为2000Ma,1450Ma,1000Ma,675Ma,460Ma.对这种地质事件的解释主要有后生动物竞争和沉积环境变革两种解释.综合来看,叠层石衰减是全球大环境和整个生物圈大变革的必然结果.     

自动绘制能见度目标物分布图的技巧

1引言能见度是地面气象观测的一个重要要素。能见度目标物分布图是人工观测能见度必不可少的参照图。利用计算机在一定时间内生成新的参考目标物,对观测能见度,有良好的参考价值。随着城市建设等环境因素的变化,目标物也在发生变化。2004年1月1日执行新的《地面气象观测规范》规定,当雾、霾、浮尘等现象出现能见度<1.0km时,都应观测和记录最小能见度。应用VB软件绘制目标物分布图,解决以上问题,阐述如下。2目标物情况登记管理功能模块目标物情况的描述数据采用数据库进行保存、管理。数据内容、格式参照规范要求,并添加了一些绘图所需的项…