购买住宅时不可忽视气象与环境因素

目前,住宅业已成为我国经济的一大支柱产业,近年来我国年平均住宅开发面积约为4×108m2,堪称世界第一,这意味着人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。一般人在购房时,考虑较多的是房子的价格、结构、质量等因素,对房子周围的环境考虑相对较少,特别容易忽视“看不见、摸不着”的气象条     

中国中北部毛乌素沙地沙木蓼耗水特征研究（英文）

本研究于2009年5月至10月采用液流测量系统对沙木蓼的茎干液流变化及其周围的环境因子进行观测。研究表明,6月份树干液流速率最大,白天液流受气象条件影响显著。液流速率与茎粗有关,直径较大的茎比直径较小的茎液流速率高。小于1 m深度土壤水分对液流速率的影响不显著;这可能与植物从深层土壤吸收水分有关。此外,在蒸腾作用和液流增加之间还观察到30-130 min的时滞。这些时间滞后与茎的大小和水分条件有关。通过观察,在晴天时,夜间液流/白天液流的值在0.1-0.4之间变化,但是在雨天时会出现比值大于1.0的情况,说明在雨天时,夜间液流会大于白天液流,造成了显著的水分损失。环境因子对液流有显著的影响,其中太阳辐射和饱和水汽压差分别在白天和夜间对液流速率的影响最大。     

东海北部叶绿素a极大值的分布规律

本文利用《中日黑潮合作调查研究(1986-1992)》的资料着重研究东海北部叶绿素a极大值在水平方向上的分布和季节变化规律等.研究表明,东海北部水动力环境,诸如锋面涡、海洋锋和上升流等等是促成叶绿素a极大值分布变化的重要环境因素.文中特别指出叶绿素a密集区离锋面远近的位置与锋面流速的跃变程度呈现一元线性负相关,可以通过此相关式来估计叶绿素a密集区的位置.     

金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估

松新鱼道建设是恢复金沙江白鹤滩库区鱼类生境替代支流——黑水河连通性的重要工程措施之一,其过鱼效果备受关注。本研究以黑水河松新鱼道为研究对象,通过网捕法和射频识别遥测技术(RFID)开展松新鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估研究。结果表明:(1)黑水河松新坝址下游共监测到19种鱼类,其中12种鱼类可以顺利通过鱼道抵达上游河道;(2)鱼道进出口鱼类多样性受到鱼类洄游动机影响呈现季节性规律,非洄游期(12月)鱼道进出口鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于洄游期(次年3、5月);(3)松新鱼道主要过鱼对象短须裂腹鱼的进口吸引率为31.50%,通过率可达44.44%。利用张网监测数据发现:当水温超过20℃时,过鱼种类和数量随着水温的升高呈递减趋势;当鱼道内流量超过0.50 m³/s时,过鱼种类和数量随着鱼道内流量的增大而呈递减趋势。为识别影响鱼道过鱼效果的关键因素,选取短须裂腹鱼为研究对象,构建了基于多因素(鱼道内流量、水温、昼夜节律、pH、湿重、体长等)的Cox风险比例回归模型,研究发现:鱼道内流量、水温和昼夜节律是影响短须裂腹鱼上溯效果的关键因素;当水温变化范围为14...     

Oomycetes and fungi: important parasites on marine algae

Considering that the field is largely unexplored and its importance to aquaculture, outline of oomycetes and fungi parasiting on marine algae was provided in this paper, including 15 species of oomycetes, six species of chytrids, 31 Ascomycota species and one species of mitosporic fungi. In natrue, both the oomycetes and chytrids frequently occurred and induced prevalences of disease which could destroy the populations of host plants greatly. However, the parasites in Ascomycota on algae have never occurred as epidemics so far. Some issues relating to the field were discussed such as performing tests to satisfy Koch''s postulates, investigations of host specificity, interactions between host and parasite and the potential effects of environmental factors on occurrence of a disease, which are urgent in need of further investigations.     

Identifying Indicator Species in Habitats Created by Coastal Structures

In this paper,three approachs were developed to find indicator species from the habitat created by coastal structures.These approachs consist of a model of species co-occurrence probability,a model of k-environmental factor probability and a composite model.Simultaneously,a case study was conducted in Hsinchu Fishing Port of north-western Taiwan.Based on the aforementioned models,three primary producer species,Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis,Chondrus ocellatus and Sarcodia montagneana,were chosen as the indicator species which had the highest co-occurrence probabilities and showed greater tolerance to more critical environment.It is imperative to understand how the three species under particular co-occurring conditions and environmental factors influence the composition of sessile assemblages in coastal water.The results indicate that for the purpose of increasing biodiversity,these models are feasible to find indicator species of artificial structures,and to help make it possible to design coastal structures based on biological considerations.This study provides an innovative approach for further advanced application in the artificial habitat of coast management.     

影响牙鲆幼鱼摄食的环境因素实验研究

在不同环境条件下，观察体长３￣６ｃｍ，体重０．２３￣２．７５ｇ牙鲆幼鱼的摄食情况，摄食率最高时环境条件为最适。     

冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中放射虫的分布与环境

对冲绳海槽北部80个表层沉积样品中放射虫进行的定量研究表明，其丰度和分异度西北部低，东南部高，由西北向东南递增；从西北陆架到东南海槽放射虫分布可分为陆架低值区，海槽边缘中值区和中央高值区，放射虫的组成以泡沫虫目占绝对优势，总体面貌为热带大洋暖水动物群，沉积物中放射虫的分布与现代表层海水温度，盐度的分布和变化趋势一致，但与营养盐和实级生产力的分布呈负相关关系；同时，放射虫的分布又与研究区的海流和水团有密切关系，其中黑潮对其有控制性影响，沉积物类型极大地影响着放射虫的分布，放射虫的丰度和分异度明显地随粒度的增大和陆源物质含量的增加而减小，此外，放射虫的分岂有此理也显示了与沉积物中火山物质含量的密切相关性。     

红树林根际土壤中耐高盐苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定

苯酚对海洋生态环境具有较大的威胁,从红树林根际土壤中分离获得对环境具有高适应性的高效芳烃降解菌具有重要的意义.本研究对北部湾红树林根际土壤中的苯酚降解菌进行富集培养,经过分离纯化得到30株菌株,筛选得到5株菌株FGYS1、FGYS7、FGYS11、FGYB1和FGYB5,可耐受70 g/L NaCl的高盐环境,最高可降...