当今中国岩石圈物理学研究中的几个重要问题与思考

我国多年来在岩石圈物理学研究中已取得了一系列的重要成果,并促进了我国地球科学的发展.然而在这21世纪之际,基于国家战略需求和自主创新的方针对岩石圏物理学是挑战,也是机遇.为此,必须厘定其今后的发展导向,并凝炼出前瞻性、并具有带动性的创新性核心科学问题.本文在这样的思维前提下对岩石圈物理学的科学内涵和发展导向进行了较全面的分析、研究和思考,并明确指出当今在这一学科领域应该做些什么,核心问题是什么,又存在哪些关键性的科学问题.研究结果提出,高精度的地球物理场观测与岩石圏内壳、幔精细结构(2维和3维)的刻划;在地球内部力系作用下,深部物质和能量的交换;深部物质运移的物理—力学—化学作用过程及深层动力学响应乃是深化对地球本体的认识和揭示成山、成盆、成岩、成矿和成灾的根本机理所在.为此,在本世纪的上、中叶,在地球科学领域中地球物理学研究必为先导!本文最后对岩石圈物理研究中尚存在的一些问题及困惑进行了分析和讨论,并提出了有关统一规划和观测仪器与设备的自主研发以及有序进行国际合作等方面的意见.     

人工消雾的技术与方法

介绍了人工消雾的基本原理,并针对暖雾的性质分别介绍了播撒吸湿性物质消除暖雾技术的实施方法、适用范围、催化剂选择;加热法消暖雾的实施方法和所需能量的计算;静电清除暖雾方法的科学依据和室内实验结果;热力动力消雾系统的组成和工作原理。此外,还结合人工消过冷雾的基本原理,阐述播撒人工冰核(催化剂用量)、播撒液氮和"播撒-供应"消冷雾方法。     

Array processing-a new method to detect and correct errors on array resistivity logging tool measurements

In recent years more and more multi-array logging tools, such as the array induction and the array lateralog, are applied in place of conventional logging tools resulting in increased resolution, better radial and vertical sounding capability and other features. Multi-array logging tools acquire several times more individual measurements than conventional logging tools. In addition to new information contained in these data, there is a certain redundancy among the measurements. The sum of the measurements actu- ally composes a large matrix. Providing the measurements are error-free, the elements of this matrix show certain consistencies. Taking advantage of these consistencies, an innovative method is developed to de- tect and correct errors in the array resistivity logging tool raw measurements, and evaluate the quality of the data. The method can be described in several steps. First, data consistency patterns are identified based on the physics of the measurements. Second, the measurements are compared against the consis- tency patterns for error and bad data detection. Third, the erroneous data are eliminated and the measure- ments are re-constructed according to the consistency patterns. Finally, the data quality is evaluated by comparing the raw measurements with the re-constructed measurements. The method can be applied to all array type logging tools, such as array induction tool and array resistivity tool. This paper describes the method and illustrates its application with the High Definition Lateral Log (HDLL, Baker Atlas) instru- ment. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, several field examples are shown and discussed.     

微波遥感技术在岩石力学中的应用

在岩石加载直至破裂的过程中，对岩石的微波辐射进行了遥感观测研究．使用的微波辐射计的波长为8 mm，2 cm和10 cm．对13种岩石进行了实验．实验表明，在岩石加载过程中，岩石的微波辐射亮度温度随应力的增加而增加．岩石临破裂前微波辐射亮度温度加速增长．这一现象可以看作岩石破裂的一种新前兆． 过去在岩石破裂的红外遥感观测实验基础上提出的遥感岩石力学(或遥感岩石物理学)的概念，由于本实验的新结果扩充了它的内容，由红外遥感扩充到微波遥感，从而也扩大了遥感岩石力学在地震预报研究和岩爆预报研究中的应用前景．      

The Performance of Atmospheric Component Model R42L9 of GOALS／LASG

This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integrat     

从印度洋灾难看海啸物理学及预警的窘境

了解海啸物理学可以挽救生命，尤其是在大地震的震中附近，因为此处危险性最高而且早期预警也极难奏效。     

大学物理实验教学改革的探索与实践

物理实验是高校理工科学生必修的基础课程，它在整个本科教学过程中对培养学生的素质和能力方面占有十分重要的地位，是整个物理学教学中的重要环节，它对于高素质创新型人才的培养有着不可替代的作用。从20世纪90年代开始，我校物理实验室就进行教学改革的探索与实践。2001年，我校通过了江苏省基础课教学实验室合格评估，就加大了对实验教学设施建设和实验课程改革的力度，在教学实践中取得了一定的成绩。但随着科学技术的迅猛发展，社会的不断进步，对人才的培养提出了更高的要求，