2013-05-25陕西中南部区域性暴雨天气解析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°分析资料,对2013年5月25日陕西出现的区域性暴雨天气进行分析,总结预报偏差的原因。结果表明：区域性暴雨发生在中纬度高空环流形势由纬向型向经向型调整阶段,东移低槽北部的低涡北抬加深维持是引起此次区域性暴雨的主要原因;低层辐合切变和东路回流冷空气为暴雨提供了有利的抬升条件;高层辐散和低层辐合的有利配置将低层高温、高湿的水汽抽吸到暴雨区上空,造成强降水的对流云团具有明显的中尺度特征。     

2012年7月鲁东南地区连续大暴雨过程成因分析

通过常规观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和加密自动站资料,对2012年7月7—10日连续发生在鲁东南地区的两次大暴雨过程进行了成因分析。分析表明：副热带高压的西伸北抬和稳定维持使西南低空急流长时间维持为大暴雨连续发生提供了充足的水汽和能量。第一次过程鲁东南位于切变线南侧和西南急流左侧;第二次过程鲁东南位于低涡东南象限和地面气旋东北象限。强降水中心位于850hPa高能舌顶端和925hPa高能中心重合处。第一次过程无明显冷空气,是边界层的强辐合和上升运动造成了强降水;第二次过程近地面有冷空气侵入,辐合和上升运动中心到达700hPa把水汽输送到较高的高度,有利于高效率降水的产生。     

2012年包头地区2次暴雨天气过程对比分析

通过对包头地区2次暴雨发生时主要影响系统、各种物理量场、地形特征等综合对比分析得出,2次暴雨都发生在500h Pa高空槽前西南气流里,并且在850h Pa切变线附近。2012年6月27日暴雨是高空槽前的正涡度平流与低层切变辐合上升气流叠加引发的。7月20日暴雨是由地面冷锋触发高能区内的不稳定能量释放产生的夜间强对流暴雨。地形强迫抬升对暴雨的发生也起了重要作用。     

1994年江淮地区首次区域性春季暴雨诊断分析

分析了１９９４年４月１９～２０日春季暴雨主要是由对流层中低层低涡和地面静止锋共同作用的结果，侧重于对低空急流的形成与变动和熵平衡方程的诊断分析，能量场与该次暴雨有很好的相关性     

海洋生物系列（十五）

▲毛躄鱼毛躄鱼属笔鱼科。这种鱼长得较为奇特,头较大,腹部突出,胸鳍酷似假臂,隐于皮下。全身无鳞,以细小绒毛状小棘所代替。终生生活在热带海域中,极其喜欢栖息于海藻中,具有把腹部充满空气漂浮于水面的习性。分布于南海、印度、马来西亚半岛沿岸。▲巨牙天竺鲷巨牙天竺鲷属天     

ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENTS ON AND LACUSTRINE PRACTICE FOR ELIMINATING MICROCYSTIS BLOOM

Microcystis bloom, one of the most objectionable characteristics of eutrophication in tropical and subtropical waters, occurred in Donghu Lake (East lake) of Wuhan every summer from the 1970s up to 1984, but from 1985 up to now failed to occur there. The cause of its disappearance rema-ined in obscurity until recently. In situ enclosure experiments in the lake for three years showed that the stocking of the filter-feeding silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) played a decisive role in eliminating Microcystis bloom from the lake; but that recurrence of the bloom is possible under certain conditions. This paper presents the details and the results of enclosure ex-periments. The authors‘ analysis of fish biomass data obtained by echo-sounding and the fishery produc-tion of the lake over the years, revealed that the recurrence of Microcystis bloom can be prevented so long as the combined biomnss of silver carp and big-head carp remains at or exceeds 50 g per cubic meter of lakewater, as was the case in the lake‘s 1985 fish yield of 1015 t.     

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy‘s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.     

对桂林热带岩溶发育的一些新认识

文章主要阐述了桂林热带岩溶、岩溶洞穴强烈发育的几个地质历史时期（中、晚三叠世、第三纪、第四纪）和热带岩溶、岩溶洞穴相对不发育的几个地质历史时期（侏罗纪、白垩纪）。并据资料推算了中、晚三叠世至白垩世古地磁纬度，证明以上地质历史时期本区均处于低纬度热带、亚热带环境。文章认为，中、晚三叠世基本上奠定了桂林热带岩溶地貌轮廓雏形；第三纪基本上形成了现代热带岩溶地貌总形态；第四纪使热带岩溶发育得更深化、齐全、典型、配套、完美，形成世界上独一无二的热带岩溶地貌和热带岩溶发育的模式地区。文章提出现漓江峡谷、地下一定深度的岩溶洞穴是第三纪或主要是第三纪发育形成的。否定了垂向上岩溶洞穴成层性的传统观念