基于震害资料的云南地区砌体结构易损性研究

砌体结构房屋是存在于我国的一种量大面广的结构.针对一个地区砌体结构开展结构地震易损性分析,有利于把握该地区砌体结构整体抗震性能,对于该地区防震减灾工作的开展有着重要的指导意义.该研究收集整理了2001年到2010年10年间发生于云南地区地震的震后砌体结构震害资料,并对震后统计得到的震害矩阵进行分析,发现云南农村地区砌体...     

茂名地区海雾的微物理结构特征

2007年3月16日至4月29日期间,在广东茂名海洋气象科学实验基地对海雾进行了连续观测,共取得51个雾滴谱样本,在此基础上分析了茂名地区海雾的微物理结构特征。观测分析表明:茂名地区海雾的雾滴谱分布符合Junge分布,平均数密度为57.1个/cm3,平均含水量为0.018 3 g/m3,算术平均直径为4.7μm,算术峰值直径为2.9μm。文中还比较了雾和轻雾情况下雾滴谱分布的不同特征,分析了能见度与含水量之间的关系。     

两个N－酰基神经鞘氨醇的分离和结构鉴定

从南海细枝竹节珊瑚Ｉｓｉｓｍｉｎｏｒｂｒａｃｈｌａｓｔａ及柔软肉芝软珊瑚Ｓａｒｃｏｐｈｙｔｏｎｍｏｌｌｅ中各分离得到一固体化合物Ⅰ与Ⅱ，经光谱数据分析及化学方法分析鉴定Ⅰ为一个含有三个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇（首次是从柳珊瑚中分离得到的含多个不饱和键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇）；Ⅱ为一个新的含有两个双键的Ｎ－酰基神经鞘氨醇。     

A Possible Mechanism of Ocean Finestructure Part Ⅰ: Energy and Coherence

依据在作者的前文（１９９８）中对于考虑旋转向量水平分量（ｆ～）的大洋内波方程求出的渐近解,文中对Ｓ场（考虑ｆ～条件下的总的内波场）,ＳＩ场（不计ｆ～影响的内波场）和ＳＦ场（Ｓ场中与ｆ～相关联的部分）导出了能量谱和相干谱。此理论谱与Ｍｕｌｅｒ等（１９７８）的ＩＷＥＸ实验的观测结果相比较表明,ＳＦ场的水平动能谱和铅直位移谱基本上与水平流细结构和铅直位移细结构的观测谱一致。作者推测ＳＦ场对应于中纬度大洋可逆细结构。但是对于相干谱的观测结果,在不考虑内波非线性相互作用和破碎过程的条件下,仅考虑ＳＦ场的影响还不能给予满意的解释。     

T-RFLP技术及其在微生物群落结构研究中的应用

微生物是生态系统的重要组成部分,在各种元素的生物地化循环中起关键作用。因此研究微生物的群落结构,借此了解微生物和环境的关系就尤为重要。长久以来微生物群落结构的调查方法一直是建立在分离和培养的方法上。这种方法不但费时费力,而且不够准确。这反映在如下几个方面：(1)微生物群落组     

鄂尔多斯盆地WL地区延长组储层成岩作用与孔隙结构差异成因

为了明确低渗透-致密砂岩储层孔隙结构纵向上差异性的成因。以鄂尔多斯盆地WL地区为例,利用物性测试、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞等分析资料,通过对研究区成岩相的划分和不同成岩相纵向分布差异的分析,对延长组不同层系储层孔隙结构的特征、差异性及其成因进行了探讨。研究表明,研究区延长组主力层系共发育5类孔隙结构,在同一层系内和不同层系之间孔隙结构存在较大差异：上组合长2和长3油层组主要发育Ⅲ_a、Ⅲ_b类孔隙结构;中组合长4+5和长6油层组主要发育Ⅳ_a、Ⅳ_b类孔隙结构;下组合长7、长8和长9油层组主要发育Ⅳ_b、Ⅴ类孔隙结构。随着埋深增加,储层孔隙结构及孔渗条件整体上逐渐变差。研究区延长组储层发育4种成岩相类型,孔隙结构的纵向差异主要受控于成岩相类型的差异分布：上组合大气水淋滤主导的溶蚀作用强,发育不稳定组分溶蚀相和绿泥石胶结相为主的成岩相类型,形成的孔隙结构以相对较好类型为主;中组合胶结作用强,发育绿泥石胶结相和碳酸盐胶结相为主的成岩相类型,形成的孔隙结构以中等类型为主;下组合压实和胶结作...     

利用SEM照片获取土的孔隙结构参数

以土工实验和计算机图像处理技术为基础, 探讨利用SEM照片获取土的孔隙结构参数的方法, 并以重塑粘性土为例进行实证分析.为获取孔隙结构参数, 首先分3个步骤对土样的SEM照片进行图像处理: 即照片格式转换、颗粒边际线探测和颜色充填; 然后针对黑白二元图像测算孔隙结构参数.从设计制备的重塑粘性土的三轴试验样品中, 选择了12个不同水分状态和密度状态的样品, 经风干和烘干后, 进行SEM测试, 每个样品拍摄了3个尺度的SEM照片, 放大倍数依次为500倍、1000倍、2000倍.之后, 对所获得的SEM照片进行了图像处理分析, 计算了相应的平面孔隙比和平面孔隙率.数据分析表明: SEM照片测算的孔隙参数与通常三相图计算的孔隙参数有关联, 测算数据可以反映土的孔隙结构特征; 样品的不同脱水方式对SEM照片测算的孔隙参数有影响, 与三相图法计算数据相比, 风干土样测算的数据略有偏大, 烘干土样测算的数据偏小; 同一土样不同比例尺的SEM照片测算出的孔隙参数有所不同, 邻近三相图法计算结果上下波动; 利用SEM照片提取土的结构信息是可行的, 对SEM照片进行图像处理分析是获取土的孔隙结构参数的有效办法.      

珊瑚颗粒孔隙结构及渗流特性分析

珊瑚砂的孔隙结构对珊瑚砂的力学性质和渗透特性影响显著,采用高分辨率计算机断层扫描仪（computed tomography,简称CT）对珊瑚砂颗粒进行了扫描,建立了珊瑚砂颗粒的三维孔隙结构模型,并对孔隙的直径、体积、紧密度、球度进行了定量分析,采用数值模拟方法探究了松散堆积珊瑚砂及单颗粒珊瑚砂内孔隙结构的渗透特性。试验结果表明：孔隙数量随着孔隙直径的增加显著减少,且微孔数量较多,大孔数量较少;孔隙的直径与紧密度之间为幂函数关系,与球度之间则表现为线性关系。渗流分析结果显示,松散堆积珊瑚砂的渗透能力显示出各向异性,Z方向的绝对渗透率小于X、Y方向。珊瑚砂颗粒内的孔隙渗流速度较慢,不同颗粒之间渗流能力差距较大,部分颗粒不能发生渗流,且颗粒内孔隙的绝对渗透率仅占总绝对渗透率的1.26%。     

南海冬季之西边界流：1998年2月的水文结构与体积输运

The unique survey in December 1998 mapped the entire western boundary area of the South China Sea(SCS),which reveals the three-dimensional structure and huge volume transport of the swift and narrow winter western boundary current of the SCS(SCSwwbc) in full scale. The current is found to flow all the way from the shelf edge off Hong Kong to the Sunda Shelf with a width around 100 km and a vertical scale of about 400 m. It appears to be the strongest off the Indo-China Peninsula, where its volume transport reached over 20×10~6 m~3/s. The current is weaker upstream in the northern SCS to the west of Hong Kong. A Kuroshio loop or detached eddy intruded through the Luzon Strait is observed farther east where the SCSwwbc no more exists. The results suggest that during the survey the SCSwwbc was fed primarily by the interior recirculation of the SCS rather than by the"branching" of the Kuroshio from the Luzon Strait as indicated by surface drifters, which is likely a near-surface phenomenon and only contributes a minor part to the total transport of the SCSwwbc. Several topics related to the SCSwwbc are also discussed.     

白令海大型底栖动物群落结构及其空间分布格局

Due to its unique geological location, the Bering Sea is an ideal place to investigate the water exchange and ecosystem connectivity of the Pacific Ocean–Arctic Ocean and subarctic–Arctic region. Based on a number of summer surveys(July to September, 2010, 2012 and 2014), macrobenthic communities and their spatial-temporal patterns are exhibited for the majority of the Bering Sea(53°59′–64°36′N). The results show that the macrobenthic communities were dominated by northern cold-water species and immigrant eurythermic species, and the communities assumed a dispersed and patchy distribution pattern. Polychaetes(Scoloplos armiger), crustaceans(Ceradocus capensis) and sea urchins(Echinarachnius parma) were the main dominant groups in the shallow shelves; the sea star(Ctenodiscus crispatus) and the brittle star(Ophiura sarsii) were the main dominant groups in the continental slope; whereas small polychaetes(Prionospio malmgreni) dominated the basin area. Sediment type, water depth, and currents were the major factors affecting the structure and spatial distribution of the macrobenthic communities. Compared with other seas, the shallow areas of the Bering Sea showed an extremely high-standing biomass. In particular, the northern shelf area(north of St. Lawrence Islands and west of 170°W),which is primarily controlled by Anadyr Water, is an undersea oasis. In contrast, a deficiency in the downward transport of particulate organic carbon has resulted in a desert-like seabed in the basin area. By comparing our results to previous studies, we found that macrobenthic communities of the Bering Sea have undergone significant structural changes in recent decades, resulting in a decrease in abundance and an increase in biomass.In addition, populations of amphipods and bivalves in the northern shelves have decreased significantly and have been gradually replaced by other species. These changes might be associated with advanced seasonal ice melting,changes in organic carbon input, and global warming, indicating that large-scale ecosystem changes have been occurring in the Bering Sea.