平谷应急水源地防护区污染源调查及污染防治对策

根据对平谷应急水源地污染源的调查,查清防护区内影响地下水水质的污染源情况,并提出关于水源地保护建设的对策.     

长春市土壤重金属污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价

以长春市区土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属污染的特征,并采用Hakanson提出的潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,长春市区土壤重金属污染较重,尤其是铅和镍。污染源的空间差异性引起不同功能区土壤中重金属元素的含量不同。长春市土壤达到轻微生态危害,且铅、铜和锌对土壤生态危害达到轻微生态危害;不同功能区达到生态危害程度的顺序依次是公园>郊区耕地>工业区>住宅区>开发区。     

Contamination and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments from the Yangtze River Delta Region

The Yangtze River Delta Region is one of the most important economic development areas in China. In the process of its industrialization and urbanization, a great deal of wastewater is poured into rivers, lakes and coasts. Researches on contamination and bioavailability of heavy metals can help us to assess the ecological risks in the aquatic environment of the Yangtze River Delta. The samples were collected from three environmental compartments including the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and the south coast of Jiangsu. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS. Metal speciation was determined by the sequential extraction procedure modified based on Tessier＇s scheme. Among the seven elements of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co, Ni detected, the contents of Cr, Zn did not vary significantly, while Cd and Pb varied significantly. Compared to the background values （loess in the basement）, all metals detected except Co, Cr exceeded the background level. Cd had the greatest exceeding values, reaching 2 to 7 times. Ni and Pb were followed. The contents of Zn were comparatively high in lake sediments, especially in the lake bays. Ni was enriched in fiver sediments and Cu was highest in sediments from the Yangtze River estuary. Cd and Pb were concentrated in the coastal sediments. Comparatively, in space, Cr was associated with the carbonate fractions in the bay of lake. Cu-bound Fe-Mn oxides and Ni in residual form were highest in the open lake. In the river environment, Fe/Mn oxide-bound Pb, exchangeable Cd were the highest fractions. In the estuary environment, Pb and Zn bound carbonates, Cd-bound Fe-Mn oxides are the largest fractions. Cd in the exchangeable fraction, Cu-bound Fe-Mn oxides had the larger proportions in the coast. In general, the bioavailability of Cu and Cd were high in lake environment, the available Pb, Cd were remarked in river environment, and Pb and Zn were easily assimilated by creatures in estuary.     

“地下水管理保护宣传”活动征稿启事

为了全面推动我国地下水资源管理保护宣传工作,落实国务院《关于实行最严格水资源管理制度的意见》,加强地下水领域管理保护的学习交流,同时给广大水资源工作者提供一个展示研究成果的平台。《地下水》杂志现面向全国征稿。一、征稿对象:大专院校、科研单位及水资源行政管理工作者。二、征稿内容:地下水资源管理、地下水资源保护;地下水涵养研究;地下水开发利用与节水;地下水管理政策法规研究;地下水资源污染防治研究;     

青木关岩溶地下水系统硝酸盐污染研究进展及展望

人为活动通常是地下水硝酸盐污染的主要原因。不同来源的NO3-具有不同的氮同位素组成,利用地下水NO3-中的δ15N值可有效识别地下水硝酸盐污染的来源。以重庆青木关岩溶地下河为例,综述了利用地下水硝酸盐中氮同位素识别NO3-污染源与循环的研究进展,简述了近年迅速发展的阴离子交换树脂取样法,概述了此方面研究存在的主要问题,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

衡水市水资源短缺问题分析探讨

狭义的水资源是指一切可用于生产和生活的自然降水、地表水及地下水。目前,水资源短缺缺问题已成为制约我国乃至全世界经济发展的关键因素,衡水市同样面临着水资源短缺问题。通过对衡水市1998-2007年降水、水质和地下水等方面调查研究,探讨造成衡水水资源问题的原因,并提健全机制、树立节目意识、实行农业精准灌溉等多条治理措施。     

平坝磷石膏堆场渗漏分析与污染防治对策

平坝磷石膏堆场未做防渗处理,堆场产生的含磷、氟的渗滤液通过排污水渠、岩溶管道和裂隙进入周围地表水和地下水系统,污染了羊昌河的水质,严重影响了红枫湖水库的水环境。通过水文地质勘察、样方统计调查、压水试验和连通试验等方法,查明了堆场岩溶及节理裂隙发育情况,分析了地表水与地下水之间的水力联系,指出堆场渗滤液通过地表02水渠、01水渠?落水洞L1?泉点Q16及地下岩体节理裂隙等通道污染羊昌河。地下水污染受节理裂隙结构面控制,主要的污染方向为北、西向。根据水样监测的资料,划定了堆场水污染的范围及程度。最后,针对堆场勘察情况提出了垂直防渗、水平防渗、引流汇集和表层覆盖等污染防治的对策。      

人类活动对内蒙古托克托县浅层地下水NO– 3-N污染的驱动作用

地下水NO_3~–-N污染已成为当今世界上一个日趋严重的环境问题和社会问题。本文在水文地质调查基础上,应用地质统计学方法对所采集样品测试数据进行了分析,结果表明呼和浩特市托克托县浅层地下水NO_3~–-N分布极不均匀,NO_3~–-N含量大于20 mg/L的地下水分布面积占全区总面积的72.1%,广泛分布于古城镇以南的区域。少数井点地下水NO_3~–-N含量已大于100 mg/L,最高达304.6 mg/L,已发展成为硝酸型地下水。通过采用水质解析法和化学平衡法分析地下水NO_3~–-N污染来源,揭示了人类污水灌溉、粪便堆放、化肥施用等活动对托克托县地下水NO_3~–-N污染有重要的驱动作用。     

辽河流域铁岭段水质现状分析

本文依据辽河流域铁岭段的水质监测数据,对辽河流域铁岭段水质现状进行了分析评价,并对辽河铁岭段的地表水水资源保护提出了建议.     

山区城市环境系统的污染及其变异的典型研究

本文以重庆市为代表，讨论山区城市环境系统中大气、地表水、土壤、地下水、包气带、生物体等六个子系统的污染状况，并研究了由此而引发的环境系统的变异，它涉及到气候变迁，土壤酸化，物种退化，水质恶化，建筑物表面和文物的损害，人群和生物生存的潜在变化等诸多方面，为制定防治污染策略提供科学依据。