Modeling of spatial distributions of farmland density and its temporal change using geographically weighted regression model

This study used spatial autoregression（SAR） model and geographically weighted regression（GWR） model to model the spatial patterns of farmland density and its temporal change in Gucheng County,Hubei Province,China in 1999 and 2009,and discussed the difference between global and local spatial autocorrelations in terms of spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Results showed that strong spatial positive correlations existed in the spatial distributions of farmland density,its temporal change and the driving factors,and the coefficients of spatial autocorrelations decreased as the spatial lag distance increased. SAR models revealed the global spatial relations between dependent and independent variables,while the GWR model showed the spatially varying fitting degree and local weighting coefficients of driving factors and farmland indices（i.e.,farmland density and temporal change）. The GWR model has smooth process when constructing the farmland spatial model. The coefficients of GWR model can show the accurate influence degrees of different driving factors on the farmland at different geographical locations. The performance indices of GWR model showed that GWR model produced more accurate simulation results than other models at different times,and the improvement precision of GWR model was obvious. The global and local farmland models used in this study showed different characteristics in the spatial distributions of farmland indices at different scales,which may provide the theoretical basis for farmland protection from the influence of different driving factors.     

10月70城房价69城环比降价 郑州成唯一未降城市

正近日,国家统计局发布"2014年10月份70个大中城市住宅销售价格变动情况",全国房价继续下降,但整体降幅有所收紧。全国70个城市中有69个城市房价下降,郑州市是唯一没有降价的城市。郑州10月房价为何未降?记者进行了走访。70个城市69个降,郑州房价不降成"唯一"国家统计局的数据显示,10月全国70个大中城市中,69个比上个月下降,持平的只有1个,就是咱郑州。数据显示,一线城市房价降幅较大,比如北京降     

基于卫星高度计的北极海冰厚度变化研究

A modified algorithm taking into account the first year(FY) and multiyear(MY) ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat(2003–2008). Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns(2005–2008) leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors.     

黄海冷水团海域微型异养鞭毛虫与细菌的弱耦合关系

A study was carried out to investigate the grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates(HNF) on bacteria assemblages in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) area in October, 2006. The results show that the HNF abundance ranges from 303 to 1 388 mL-1, with a mean of 884 mL-1. The HNF biomass is equivalent to 10.6%–115.6% of that of the bacteria. The maximum abundance of the HNF generally occurred in the upper 30 m water layer, with a vertical distribution pattern of surface layer abundance greater than middle layer abundance, then bottom layer abundance. The hydrological data show that the YSCWM is located in the northeastern part of the study area, typically 40 m beneath the surface. A weak correlation is found between the abundances of HNF and bacteria in both the YSCWM and its above water layer. One-way ANOVA analysis reveals that the abundance of HNF and bacteria differs between inside the YSCWM and in the above water mass. The ingestion rates of the HNF on bacteria was 8.02±3.43 h-1 in average. The grazing rate only represented 22.75%±6.91% of bacterial biomass or 6.55%+4.24% of bacterial production, implying that the HNF grazing was not the major factor contributing to the bacterial loss in the YSCWM areas.     

高度约束MHE算法在伪距单点定位中的应用

针对目前全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)中伪距单点定位(SPP)技术的定位精度已不能满足现代大多数应用场景的需求,提出了一种附加高度约束的滚动时域估计(MHE)算法,以此来改善SPP的定位性能. 附加高度约束的MHE算法是将接收机的位置高度作为非线性约束加入到SPP的估计参数中,并采用近似MHE算法来进一步提高定位精度的优化算法. 结果表明:高度约束的MHE滤波比传统最小二乘(LS)的滤波具有更好的平滑特性,同时随其视窗大小的增加,其定位精度得到了进一步改善. 验证了附加高度约束MHE方案的有效性、可行性,所得结果对SPP的实际应用具有重要的参考意义.      

煤炭消费十年来首次负增长

中国煤炭工业协会副会长路耀华日前在2014年＂国际动力煤资源与市场高峰论坛＂上介绍,今年以来,煤炭市场供大于求的态势没有发生根本改变,煤炭生产、消费出现10多年以来的首次负增长。 中国煤炭工业协会数据显示,前三季度全国煤炭产量28.5亿吨,同比下降1.28%;煤炭消费30.3亿吨,同比下降1.2%,增幅与前10年平均9.93%相比,回落了11.3%。     

国际标准海图的解析与三维显示研究

在．NET环境下,利用C#语言,研究并从底层实现了符合S-57规范的国际标准海图的解析,并将解析出的海图数据与遥感影像,DEM数据进行三维叠加显示,增强了海图显示的真实性,对于海图的应用与发展有一定的意义。     

坚定不移推进节约集约用地

第二次全国土地调查数据显示,与第一次调查相比,我国建设用地增长速度较快。在当前国情下,我们是否还将长期面临建设、吃饭与生态安全的矛盾？如何破解建设用地粗放利用与资源紧约束的难题？北京大学城市与环境学院教授林坚进行了解读。     

Shape数据模型的研究与实践

对应用较为广泛的Shape数据模型进行分析和研究,并且针对一幅全要素海图由于数据量大的原因导致读取和图形显示速度慢的问题,在实践中采用快速读取内存的方法,实现了数字海图的快速读取及显示,并且同以往循环读取方法进行了比较.