一种以能量平衡为基础的干旱指数

本文以能量平衡公式为基础,根据实际蒸发与潜在蒸发的关系依赖于土壤水分含量的事实,导出一种表达干湿状况的指标——土壤水分干旱指数。     

棉铃虫发生发展与气候条件的关系研究进展

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 属鳞翅目夜蛾科，是一种世界性的重大害虫，在世界各地均有分布。因其具有远距离迁飞，繁殖力强等特点，条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾，给农业生产带来较大损失。摸清棉铃虫生活习性、种群变化规律是棉铃虫防治的前提条件。由于棉铃虫是变温昆虫，气候条件对其生长发育、成灾机制等产生极大影响。因此，本文系统综述了气候变暖对棉铃虫影响的研究进展，包括棉铃虫生长发育、体色变化、繁殖、滞育、飞行、越冬、与作物的互作关系等方面，并对未来研究重点进行了展望。以期对棉铃虫的综合治理提供理论依据。     

基于DS1624的多点温度监测系统

为了减少温度变化对高精度时间比对的影响,设计了一种由带存储功能的数字温度计DS1624构建的、基于I2C总线的温度监测系统,并给出了系统的构成及软件、硬件实现方法和详细实验结果。分析表明,以温度监测系统为关键部分的温度控制系统是高精度时间比对所必要的。     

民国二十五年二月份各地气象通讯

厦门本月份厦门天气可以注意之处,计有二点,(一)为二十五日之初雷,按初雷即古之惊蛰节,查历本为三月六日,前後相差达十日焉。其二为打破记录之雨天日数,月中计晴天二日,昙天二日,阴天七日,雨天十八日,雨天之多,开十一年来之新记录,按去年二月份雨天日数仅九日,今适得其倍焉。以雨量论,本年二月196公厘尚为亚军,(民国十六年二月雨量420公厘)。     

甘肃肃州气象概况

国立中央研究院气象研究所肃州测候所自二十三年七月一日起开始观测,至今已有一年余之纪录,其逐日详细纪录已按月载於气象研究所出版之气象月刊中,兹仅择其概要述之如次: (一)气压:气压全年平均约在六四○公厘左右,以各月份平均比较,二十三年十月份为最高,二十四年七月份为最低,相差之数达十     

湖州市冬季降雪的预报指标研究

利用2007-2016年湖州国家基本气象观测站常规地面气象资料和NECP再分析资料(1°×1°),选取出现降雪的25个个例,通过统计分析方法和TS评分最优原则,确定降雪相态出现时各物理量的范围及阈值,得到了相态转变的判据。选取4次历史个例进行检验分析,同时结合实际业务运行情况发现,各类混合指标能够较好地区分降水相态的变化,TS评分均在0.7以上。研究结果能为湖州地区的预报业务和模式产品处理提供较好的参考。     

Impacts of Climatic Factors on Runoff Coefficients in Source Regions of the Huanghe River

Runoff coefficients of the source regions of the Huanghe River in 1956–2000 were analyzed in this paper. In the 1990s runoff of Tangnaihai Hydrologic Station of the Huanghe River experienced a serious decrease, which had at- tracted considerable attention. Climate changes have important impact on the water resources availability. From the view of water cycling, runoff coefficients are important indexes of water resources in a particular catchment. Kalinin baseflow separation technique was improved based on the characteristics of precipitation and streamflow. After the separation of runoff coefficient (R/P), baseflow coefficient (Br/P) and direct runoff coefficient (Dr/P) were estimated. Statistic analyses were applied to assessing the impact of precipitation and temperature on runoff coefficients (including Dr/P, Br/P and R/P). The results show that in the source regions of the Huanghe River, mean annual baseflow coefficient was higher than mean annual direct runoff coefficient. Annual runoff coefficients were in direct proportion to annual pre- cipitation and in inverse proportion to annual mean temperature. The decrease of runoff coefficients in the 1990s was closely related to the decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature in the same period. Over different sub-basins of the source regions of the Huanghe River, runoff coefficients responded differently to precipitation and temperature. In the area above Jimai Hydrologic Station where annual mean temperature is –3.9oC, temperature is the main factor in- fluencing the runoff coefficients. Runoff coefficients were in inverse relation to temperature, and precipitation had nearly no impact on runoff coefficients. In subbasin between Jimai and Maqu Hydrologic Station Dr/P was mainly affected by precipitation while R/P and Br/P were both significantly influenced by precipitation and temperature. In the area be-tween Maqu and Tangnaihai hydrologic stations all the three runoff coefficients increased with the rising of annual precipitation, while direct runoff coefficient was inversely proportional to temperature. In the source regions of the Huanghe River with the increase of average annual temperature, the impacts of temperature on runoff coefficients be-come insignificant.